粗识三层
1、三层结构分别是:显示层(UI)、业务逻辑层(BLL)、数据访问层(DAL)
2、应用场景
不用三层:业务逻辑简单、没有数据存储
用三层:业务复杂、数据存储到数据库
3、机制
UI->BLL->DAL->BLL->UI
4、引用关系
细说三层
1、UI
(1)向用户展现特定业务数据
(2)采集用户输入的信息和操作
2、BLL
(1)从DAL中获取数据,以供UI显示用
(2)从UI中获取用户指令和数据,执行业务逻辑
(3)从UI中获取用户指令和数据,通过DAL写入数据源
3、DAL
(1)从数据源加载数据:select
(2)向数据源写入数据:inser、update
(3)从数据源删除数据:delete
实例练习(登录)
1、UI
namespace Login.UI
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string userName = txtUsername.Text.Trim();
string password = txtPassword.Text;
Login.BLL.LoginManager mgr = new Login.BLL.LoginManager();
Login.Model.UserInfo user = mgr.UserLogin(userName, password);
MessageBox.Show("登录用户" + user.UserName);
}
}
}
2、BLL
LoginManager
namespace Login.BLL
{
public class LoginManager
{
public Login.Model.UserInfo UserLogin(string userName, string password)
{
Login.DAL.UserDAO uDao = new Login.DAL.UserDAO();
Login.Model.UserInfo user=uDao.SelectUser(userName, password);
if (user != null) //登录成功
{
Login.DAL.ScoreDAO sDao = new Login.DAL.ScoreDAO();
sDao.UpdateScore(userName, 10);
return user;
}
else
{
throw new Exception("登录失败");
}
}
}
}
3、DAL
(1)UserDAO
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Login.DAL
{
public class UserDAO
{
public Login.Model.UserInfo SelectUser(string userName, string password)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(DbUtil.ConnString))
{
SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = @"SELECT ID,UserName,Password,Email FROM USERS WHERE UserName=@UserName AND Password=@Password";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@UserName", userName));
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@Password", password));
conn.Open();
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
Login.Model.UserInfo user = null;
while (reader.Read())
{
if (user == null)
{
user = new Login.Model.UserInfo();
}
user.ID = reader.GetInt32(0);
user.UserName = reader.GetString(1);
user.Password = reader.GetString(2);//not suggestion
if (!reader.IsDBNull(3))
{
user.Email = reader.GetString(3);
}
}
return user;
}
}
}
}
(2)ScoreDAO
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace Login.DAL
{
public class ScoreDAO
{
public void UpdateScore(string userName, int value)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(DbUtil.ConnString))
{
SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = @"INSERT INTO SCORES(UserName,Score) Values(@UserName,@Score)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@UserName", userName));
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@Score", value));
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
}
}
(3)DBUtil
namespace Login.DAL
{
class DbUtil
{
public static string ConnString = @"Server=Candice;Database=Login;User ID=sa;Password=123456";
}
}
4、Model
UserInfo
namespace Login.Model
{
public class UserInfo
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
public string Email { get; set; }
}
}
心得体会
建立三层,应该先建Model层,接着建DAL层,再建BLL层,最后建UI层,应该从低层建起。
UI、BLL、DAL三层都引用Model,但是Model不引用这三层。
有了三层,显示层不能和数据层有接触