二叉树的层序遍历

为了完成二叉树的层序遍历，利用一个队列就可以便捷的实现，这是运用了队列的先进先出的特性，使得二叉树一层一层遍历。

提前创建好的树：

首先，单独处理root，如果root非空，先入列

接着，以列队是否为空为条件用while循环将二叉树一层一层遍历打印。

void LevelOrder(TreeNode* root)
{
	Queue q;
	QueueInit(&q);
	if (root)
		QueuePush(&q, root);

	int levelSize = 1;
	while (!QueueEmpty(&q))
	{

		TreeNode* front = QueueFront(&q);
		QueuePop(&q);

		printf("%d ", front->data);

		if (front->left)
			QueuePush(&q, front->left);

		if (front->right)
			QueuePush(&q, front->right);
	}
	printf("\n");
	QueueDestroy(&q);
}

输出结果：

若要体现出层序性（也就是适合的位置换行），可以以每层的个数作为循环条件来打印。

void LevelOrder(TreeNode* root)
{
	Queue q;
	QueueInit(&q);
	if (root)
		QueuePush(&q, root);

	int levelSize = 1;
	while (!QueueEmpty(&q))
	{
		// 一层一层出
		while (levelSize--)
		{
			TreeNode* front = QueueFront(&q);
			QueuePop(&q);

			printf("%d ", front->data);

			if (front->left)
				QueuePush(&q, front->left);

			if (front->right)
				QueuePush(&q, front->right);
		}
		printf("\n");

		levelSize = QueueSize(&q);
	}
	printf("\n");

	QueueDestroy(&q);
}

输出结果：

这样就能打印出层次感（也就是一棵树的感觉）。

源码（测试代码）：

//Queue.h

//Queue.h
#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<math.h>

typedef struct BinaryTreeNode* QDataType;
typedef struct QueueNode
{
	QDataType val;
	struct QueueNode* next;
}QNode;

typedef struct Queue
{
	QNode* phead;
	QNode* ptail;
	int size;
}Queue;

void QueueInit(Queue* pq);
void QueueDestroy(Queue* pq);
void QueuePush(Queue* pq, QDataType x);
void QueuePop(Queue* pq);
QDataType QueueFront(Queue* pq);
QDataType QueueBack(Queue* pq);
bool QueueEmpty(Queue* pq);
int QueueSize(Queue* pq);

//Queue.c

//Queue.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"Queue.h"

void QueueInit(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);
	pq->phead = pq->ptail = NULL;
	pq->size = 0;
}

void QueueDestroy(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);

	QNode* cur = pq->phead;
	while (cur)
	{
		QNode* next = cur->next;
		free(cur);
		cur = next;
	}

	pq->phead = pq->ptail = NULL;
	pq->size = 0;
}

void QueuePush(Queue* pq, QDataType x)
{
	assert(pq);

	QNode* newnode = (QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		return;
	}

	newnode->val = x;
	newnode->next = NULL;

	if (pq->ptail == NULL)
	{
		pq->ptail = pq->phead = newnode;
	}
	else
	{
		pq->ptail->next = newnode;
		pq->ptail = newnode;
	}

	pq->size++;
}

// 17:10
void QueuePop(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);
	// 
	assert(pq->phead);

	QNode* del = pq->phead;
	pq->phead = pq->phead->next;
	free(del);
	del = NULL;

	if (pq->phead == NULL)
		pq->ptail = NULL;

	pq->size--;
}

QDataType QueueFront(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);
	// 
	assert(pq->phead);

	return pq->phead->val;
}

QDataType QueueBack(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);
	// 
	assert(pq->ptail);

	return pq->ptail->val;
}

bool QueueEmpty(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);

	return pq->phead == NULL;
}

int QueueSize(Queue* pq)
{
	assert(pq);

	return pq->size;
}

//Test.c

//Test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"Queue.h"

typedef int BTDataType;
typedef struct BinaryTreeNode
{
	BTDataType data;
	struct BinaryTreeNode* left;
	struct BinaryTreeNode* right;
}TreeNode;

TreeNode* BuyTreeNode(int x)
{
	TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	assert(node);

	node->data = x;
	node->left = NULL;
	node->right = NULL;

	return node;
}

TreeNode* CreateTree()
{
	TreeNode* node1 = BuyTreeNode(1);
	TreeNode* node2 = BuyTreeNode(2);
	TreeNode* node3 = BuyTreeNode(3);
	TreeNode* node4 = BuyTreeNode(4);
	TreeNode* node5 = BuyTreeNode(5);
	TreeNode* node6 = BuyTreeNode(6);
	TreeNode* node7 = BuyTreeNode(7);

	node1->left = node2;
	node1->right = node4;
	node2->left = node3;
	node4->left = node5;
	node4->right = node6;
	node2->right = node7;

	return node1;
}

void DestroyTree(TreeNode* root)
{
	if (root == NULL)
		return;

	DestroyTree(root->left);
	DestroyTree(root->right);
	free(root);
}

void LevelOrder(TreeNode* root)
{
	Queue q;
	QueueInit(&q);
	if (root)
		QueuePush(&q, root);

	int levelSize = 1;
	while (!QueueEmpty(&q))
	{
		// 一层一层出
		while (levelSize--)
		{
			TreeNode* front = QueueFront(&q);
			QueuePop(&q);

			printf("%d ", front->data);

			if (front->left)
				QueuePush(&q, front->left);

			if (front->right)
				QueuePush(&q, front->right);
		}
		printf("\n");

		levelSize = QueueSize(&q);
	}
	printf("\n");

	QueueDestroy(&q);
}

int main()
{
	TreeNode* root = CreateTree();
	LevelOrder(root);
	DestroyTree(root);
	root = NULL;
	return 0;
}