目录
3.string中_size、_capacity、c_str的获取
4.reserve、push_back、append、的模拟
1.string中的构造函数
1.构造函数
string(const char* str = "")
:_size(strlen(str))
{
_capacity = _size;
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, str);
}使用了一个缺省参数，方便模拟 string()和string (const char* s) 两个函数。
2.拷贝构造函数
string(const string& str)
{
_size = str._size;
_capacity = str._capacity;
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, str._str);
}运用C语言的strcpy快速完成模拟（因为strcpy可以将\0也拷贝过去）
优化：
string(const string& s)
: _str(nullptr)
, _size(0)
, _capacity(0)
{
string tmp(s._str);
this->swap(tmp);
}对_str、_size、_capacity三者初始化是因为防止交换后的tmp访问随机值。
3.析构函数
~string()
{
_size = _capacity = 0;
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
}2.string中的迭代器
[]访问：
char& operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}iterator迭代器：
const_iterator begin() const
{
return _str;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return _str + _size;
}
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str + _size;
}3.string中_size、_capacity、c_str的获取
const char* c_str() const
{
return _str;
}
size_t size() const
{
return _size;
}
size_t capacity() const
{
return _capacity;
}4.reserve、push_back、append、的模拟
void reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
void push_back(char ch)
{
//扩容
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity);
}
_str[_size++] = ch;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
void append(const char* str)
{
// 扩容
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len);
}
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
_size += len;
}5.insert、erase、resize的模拟
void insert(size_t pos, char ch)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
//扩容
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 0 : _capacity * 2);
}
size_t end = _size + 1;
while (end > pos)
{
_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
end--;
}
_str[pos] = ch;
++_size;
}
void insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
size_t len = strlen(str);
//扩容
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len);
}
size_t end = _size + len;
_str[end] = '\0';
memcpy(_str + pos + len, _str + pos,_size - pos);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
_str[pos] = str[i];
pos++;
}
_size += len;
}
void erase(size_t pos,size_t len = npos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
if (len == npos || len >= _size - pos)
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else
{
strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
_size -= len;
}
}
void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
{
if (n <= _size)
{
_str[n] = '\0';
_size = n;
}
else
{
reserve(n);
for (size_t i = _size; i < n; i++)
{
_str[i] = ch;
}
_str[n] = '\0';
_size = n;
}
6.操作符重载
1.+=
string& operator+=(char ch)
{
push_back(ch);
return *this;
}
string& operator+=(const char* str)
{
append(str);
return *this;
}2.=（赋值）
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(tmp, s._str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
return *this;
}优化：
string& operator=(string tmp)
{
// 现代写法
swap(tmp);
return *this;
}3.其他（类外定义）
bool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
int ret = strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str());
return ret == 0;
}
bool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
int ret = strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str());
return ret < 0;
}
bool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return s1 < s2 || s1 == s2;
}
bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 <= s2);
}
bool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 < s2);
}
bool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
{
return !(s1 == s2);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
{
for (auto ch : s)
{
out << ch;
}
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
s.clear();
char ch;
//in >> ch;
ch = in.get();
char buff[128];
size_t i = 0;
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
// [0,126]
if (i == 127)
{
buff[127] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}7.swap、find、substr、clear的模拟
void swap(string& s)
{
std::swap(_str, s._str);
std::swap(_size, s._size);
std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
}
size_t find(char c, size_t pos = 0) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
if (_str[i] == c)
{
return i;
}
}
return npos;
}
size_t find(const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
const char* p = strstr(_str + pos, s);
if (p)
{
return p - _str;
}
else
{
return npos;
}
}
string substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos)
{
string sub;
//if (len == npos || len >= _size-pos)
if (len >= _size - pos)
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
sub += _str[i];
}
}
else
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < pos + len; i++)
{
sub += _str[i];
}
}
return sub;
}
void clear()
{
_size = 0;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}8.getline的模拟
istream& getline(istream& in, string& s)
{
s.clear();
char ch;
//in >> ch;
ch = in.get();
char buff[128];
size_t i = 0;
while (ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
// [0,126]
if (i == 127)
{
buff[127] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}为了防止一些人误用swap函数：
可做以下处理（类外定义）：
void swap(string& x, string& y)
{
x.swap(y);
}
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