Docker----docker-machine安装使用

一、简介

Docker Machine 是 Docker 官方编排（Orchestration）项目之一，负责在多种平台上快速安装 Docker 环境。

1、安装

对于linux系统而言：

 base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.14.0 &&
 curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
 sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine &&
 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

其他系统安装方式请看官方网站：https://docs.docker.com/machine/install-machine/
检查是否安装成功

docker-machine version
docker-machine version 0.14.0, build 89b8332

2、docker-machine命令与选项

cyf@KobeBryant:~/docker$ docker-machine 
Usage: docker-machine [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]

Create and manage machines running Docker.

Version: 0.14.0, build 89b8332

Author:
  Docker Machine Contributors - <https://github.com/docker/machine>

Options:
  --debug, -D						Enable debug mode
  --storage-path, -s "/home/cyf/.docker/machine"	Configures storage path [$MACHINE_STORAGE_PATH]
  --tls-ca-cert 					CA to verify remotes against [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_CERT]
  --tls-ca-key 						Private key to generate certificates [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_KEY]
  --tls-client-cert 					Client cert to use for TLS [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT]
  --tls-client-key 					Private key used in client TLS auth [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY]
  --github-api-token 					Token to use for requests to the Github API [$MACHINE_GITHUB_API_TOKEN]
  --native-ssh						Use the native (Go-based) SSH implementation. [$MACHINE_NATIVE_SSH]
  --bugsnag-api-token 					BugSnag API token for crash reporting [$MACHINE_BUGSNAG_API_TOKEN]
  --help, -h						show help
  --version, -v						print the version
  
Commands:
  active		Print which machine is active
  config		Print the connection config for machine
  create		Create a machine
  env			Display the commands to set up the environment for the Docker client
  inspect		Inspect information about a machine
  ip			Get the IP address of a machine
  kill			Kill a machine
  ls			List machines
  provision		Re-provision existing machines
  regenerate-certs	Regenerate TLS Certificates for a machine
  restart		Restart a machine
  rm			Remove a machine
  ssh			Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH.
  scp			Copy files between machines
  mount			Mount or unmount a directory from a machine with SSHFS.
  start			Start a machine
  status		Get the status of a machine
  stop			Stop a machine
  upgrade		Upgrade a machine to the latest version of Docker
  url			Get the URL of a machine
  version		Show the Docker Machine version or a machine docker version
  help			Shows a list of commands or help for one command
  
Run 'docker-machine COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

二、docker-machine使用方法

1、创建docker虚拟主机

首先创建一个以virtualbox作为驱动程序的虚拟主机docker-machine create --driver virtualbox 名称

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox default
Running pre-create checks...
(default) Default Boot2Docker ISO is out-of-date, downloading the latest release...
(default) Latest release for github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker is v19.03.3
(default) Downloading /home/cyf/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso from https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases/download/v19.03.3/boot2docker.iso...
(default) 0%....10%....20%....30%....40%....50%....60%....70%....80%....90%....100%
Creating machine...
(default) Copying /home/cyf/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso to /home/cyf/.docker/machine/machines/default/boot2docker.iso...
(default) Creating VirtualBox VM...
(default) Creating SSH key...
(default) Starting the VM...
(default) Check network to re-create if needed...
(default) Waiting for an IP...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env default

打开virtualbox可以看到启动着一个虚拟主机实例，我们可以通过virtualbox修改虚拟主机的一些参数，例如内存，CPU等等。

2、列出所有的docker虚拟主机

查看刚才构建的docker虚拟主机

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine ls
NAME      ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER     ERRORS
default   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v19.03.3   

查看docker虚拟主机状态

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine status default
Running

3、查看docker虚拟主机的环境变量

查看所构建docker虚拟主机的环境变量

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine env default
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/home/cyf/.docker/machine/machines/default"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default"
# Run this command to configure your shell: 
# eval $(docker-machine env default)

4、登录docker虚拟主机

使用docker-machine ssh 名称，登录虚拟主机，可以看到用户名称为docker，主机名即为我们创建时所起的名称，如下所示

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine ssh default
   ( '>')
  /) TC (\   Core is distributed with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
 (/-_--_-\)           www.tinycorelinux.net

docker@default:~$ 

登录后就可以使用docker命令了，来搭建自己想要的容器

docker@default:~$ docker run hello-world                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

5、停止docker虚拟主机

如果不想用了，，为了节约资源我们可以先停掉我们的docker虚拟主机

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine stop default
Stopping "default"...
Machine "default" was stopped.

查看停止后的状态

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine ls
NAME      ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER     ERRORS
default   -        virtualbox   Stopped                                       Unknown    
cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine status default
Stopped

6、启动停止的docker虚拟主机

当我们想用的时候，可以再次启动我们的docker虚拟主机，这个过程可能会慢一点

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine start default
Starting "default"...
(default) Check network to re-create if needed...
(default) Waiting for an IP...
Machine "default" was started.
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Started machines may have new IP addresses. You may need to re-run the `docker-machine env` command.

7、删除docker虚拟主机

cyf@KobeBryant:~$ docker-machine rm default
About to remove default
WARNING: This action will delete both local reference and remote instance.
Are you sure? (y/n): y
Successfully removed default