借助条件变量完成生产者消费者模型

1、此代码为借助条件变量结合互斥锁完成生产者与消费者模型，代码中主要关注锁和条件变量的定义、初始化、使用（加锁、解锁）以及释放（销毁）。

2、代码：

  1 #include <cstdio>
  2 #include <cstdlib>
  3 #include <cstring>
  4 #include <unistd.h>
  5 #include <pthread.h>
  6 
  7 void err_thread(int ret, const char *str)
  8 {
  9     if(ret != 0){
 10         fprintf(stderr, "%s:%s\n", str, strerror(ret));
 11         pthread_exit(NULL);
 12     }
 13 }
 14 
 15 struct msg{
 16     int num;
 17     struct msg *next;
 18 };
 19 
 20 pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 21 pthread_cond_t has_data = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
 22 
 23 struct msg *head = nullptr;
 24 
 25 void *producer(void *arg)
 26 {
 27     int ret;
 28 
 29     while(1){
 30         struct msg *mp = (struct msg*)malloc(sizeof(struct msg));
 31         if(!mp){
 32             perror("malloc error\n");
 33         }
 34 
 35         mp->num = rand()%1000 + 1;
 36         printf("--------producer:%d\n", mp->num);
 37 
 38         ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
 39         err_thread(ret, "producer: pthread_mutex_lock error");
 40 
 41         mp->next = head;
 42         head = mp;
 43 
 44         ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
 45         err_thread(ret, "producer: pthread_mutex_unlock error");
 46 
 47         ret = pthread_cond_signal(&has_data);
 48         err_thread(ret, "producer: pthread_cond_signal error");
 49 
 50         sleep(rand()%3);
 51     }
 52 
 53     return NULL;
 54 }
 55 
 56 void *consumer(void *arg)
 57 {
 58     int ret;
 59 
 60     while(1){
 61         struct msg *mp = nullptr;
 62 
 63         ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
 64         err_thread(ret, "consumer: pthread_mutex_lock error");
 65         /*
 66         // This "if" statement only applies to single comsumer mode
 67         if(head == nullptr){
 68             pthread_cond_wait(&has_data, &mutex);
 69         }
 70         */
 71 
 72         // This "while" statement applies to multiple comsumer mode
 73         while(head == nullptr){
 74             ret = pthread_cond_wait(&has_data, &mutex);
 75             err_thread(ret, "consumer: pthread_cond_wait error");
 76         }
 77 
 78         mp = head;
 79         head = mp->next;
 80 
 81         ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
 82         err_thread(ret, "consumer: pthread_mutex_unlock error");
 83 
 84         printf("-----consumer id %lu:%d\n", pthread_self(), mp->num);
 85 
 86         free(mp);
 87         sleep(rand()%3);
 88     }
 89     return NULL;
 90 }   
 91 
 92 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 93 {
 94     int ret;
 95     pthread_t pid, cid1, cid2, cid3;
 96     
 97     srand(time(NULL));
 98     
 99     ret = pthread_create(&pid, NULL, producer, NULL);
100     err_thread(ret, "pthread_create producer error");
101     
102     ret = pthread_create(&cid1, NULL, consumer, NULL);
103     err_thread(ret, "pthread_create consumer error");
104     
105     ret = pthread_create(&cid2, NULL, consumer, NULL);
106     err_thread(ret, "pthread_create consumer error");
107     
108     ret = pthread_create(&cid3, NULL, consumer, NULL);
109     err_thread(ret, "pthread_create consumer error");
110     
111     ret = pthread_join(pid, NULL);
112     err_thread(ret, "pthread_join error");
113     ret = pthread_join(cid1, NULL);
114     err_thread(ret, "pthread_join error");
115     ret = pthread_join(cid2, NULL);
116     err_thread(ret, "pthread_join error");
117     ret = pthread_join(cid3, NULL);
118     err_thread(ret, "pthread_join error");
119     
120     ret = pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
121     err_thread(ret, "pthread_mutex_destroy error");
122     
123     ret = pthread_cond_destroy(&has_data);
124     err_thread(ret, "pthread_cond_destroy error");
125     
126     return 0;
127 }