SDL显示图片总结

到现在为止，已经写了好几个显示图片一类的程序  现在就来好好总结一下

首先我们在最开始   是在屏幕上显示一张图片

整个过程如下：

定义两个 SDL_Surface 指针变量   分别是表示窗口和图像  

之后就调用 SDL_Init（）进行初始化SDL的子系统

SDL_SetVideoMode（）函数是用来设置窗口的

之后就是加载图像（现期的sdl只能加载bmp位图  其他格式需要调用扩展库）调用 SDL_LoadBMP（）

在窗口和图像都赋值以后就调用 SDL_BlitSurface（图像 , NULL, 窗口, NULL ）将图像映射到窗口

当然现在还不会显示  调用 SDL_Flip（窗口）就可以显示了

SDL_Delay（）的作用就是为了延迟显示时间 能够让你看到

完事以后记得 SDL_FreeSurface（）释放资源

最后  SDL_Quit（）退出就好了

上面的过程其实已经基本上差不多了

第二个程序其实是第一个的优化版本，因为有时候加载的图片与显示的位数不同，所以在现实的时候存在一个隐式的格式转换。比较浪费时间，所以在加载的时候  我们可以读取的时候就把他转一下  就不用在显示的时候转换

主要就是在调用 SDL_LoadBMP（） 以后  再调用 SDL_DisplayFormat（）

第三个则是引进了扩展库  用来识别更多格式的图片

只是将 SDL_LoadBMP（） 改成了 IMG_Load（）

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下面就来细化一下上面说的一些函数：

SDL_Surface类型     我们可以在SDL_video.h里面找到它的定义

/** This structure should be treated as read-only, except for 'pixels',

*  which, if not NULL, contains the raw pixel data for the surface.

*这个结构应该被视为只读结构，除了‘像素’，如果不是NULL，它包含表面的原始像素数据。

*/

typedef struct SDL_Surface {

    Uint32 flags;                /**< Read-only */

    SDL_PixelFormat *format;        /**< Read-only */

    int w, h;                /**< Read-only */

    Uint16 pitch;                /**< Read-only */

    void *pixels;                /**< Read-write */

    int offset;                /**< Private */

    /** Hardware-specific surface info */

    struct private_hwdata *hwdata;

    /** clipping information */

    SDL_Rect clip_rect;            /**< Read-only */

    Uint32 unused1;                /**< for binary compatibility */

    /** Allow recursive locks */

    Uint32 locked;                /**< Private */

    /** info for fast blit mapping to other surfaces */

    struct SDL_BlitMap *map;        /**< Private */

    /** format version, bumped at every change to invalidate blit maps */

    unsigned int format_version;        /**< Private */

    /** Reference count -- used when freeing surface */

    int refcount;                /**< Read-mostly */

} SDL_Surface;

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SDL_Init()函数是用来初始化子系统的   定义在SDL.c文件里面

下面是初始化的子系统

/** @name SDL_INIT Flags

*  These are the flags which may be passed to SDL_Init() -- you should

*  specify the subsystems which you will be using in your application.

*/

/*@{*/

#define    SDL_INIT_TIMER        0x00000001

#define SDL_INIT_AUDIO        0x00000010

#define SDL_INIT_VIDEO        0x00000020

#define SDL_INIT_CDROM        0x00000100

#define SDL_INIT_JOYSTICK    0x00000200

#define SDL_INIT_NOPARACHUTE    0x00100000    /**< Don't catch fatal signals */

#define SDL_INIT_EVENTTHREAD    0x01000000    /**< Not supported on all OS's */

#define SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING    0x0000FFFF

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SDL_SetVideoMode（）函数  是用来设置窗口的   定义在SDL_video.c文件中

Set the requested video mode, allocating a shadow buffer if necessary.

设置请求的视频模式，必要时分配阴影缓冲区。

SDL_Surface * SDL_SetVideoMode (int width, int height, int bpp, Uint32 flags)

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SDL_LoadBMP（file）其实调用的 SDL_LoadBMP_RW（）

我们可以在SDL_video.h看到

#define SDL_LoadBMP(file)    SDL_LoadBMP_RW(SDL_RWFromFile(file, "rb"), 1)

SDL_LoadBMP_RW（）函数的定义在SDL_bmp.c中

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SDL_BlitSurface（）函数  感觉是比较重要的一个函数

它的定义在SDL_video.h文件中

/**

* This performs a fast blit from the source surface to the destination

* surface.  It assumes that the source and destination rectangles are

* the same size.  If either 'srcrect' or 'dstrect' are NULL, the entire

* surface (src or dst) is copied.  The final blit rectangles are saved

* in 'srcrect' and 'dstrect' after all clipping is performed.

* If the blit is successful, it returns 0, otherwise it returns -1.

*

* The blit function should not be called on a locked surface.

*

* The blit semantics for surfaces with and without alpha and colorkey

* are defined as follows:

*

* RGBA->RGB:

*     SDL_SRCALPHA set:

*     alpha-blend (using alpha-channel).

*     SDL_SRCCOLORKEY ignored.

*     SDL_SRCALPHA not set:

*     copy RGB.

*     if SDL_SRCCOLORKEY set, only copy the pixels matching the

*     RGB values of the source colour key, ignoring alpha in the

*     comparison.

*

* RGB->RGBA:

*     SDL_SRCALPHA set:

*     alpha-blend (using the source per-surface alpha value);

*     set destination alpha to opaque.

*     SDL_SRCALPHA not set:

*     copy RGB, set destination alpha to source per-surface alpha value.

*     both:

*     if SDL_SRCCOLORKEY set, only copy the pixels matching the

*     source colour key.

*

* RGBA->RGBA:

*     SDL_SRCALPHA set:

*     alpha-blend (using the source alpha channel) the RGB values;

*     leave destination alpha untouched. [Note: is this correct?]

*     SDL_SRCCOLORKEY ignored.

*     SDL_SRCALPHA not set:

*     copy all of RGBA to the destination.

*     if SDL_SRCCOLORKEY set, only copy the pixels matching the

*     RGB values of the source colour key, ignoring alpha in the

*     comparison.

*

* RGB->RGB:

*     SDL_SRCALPHA set:

*     alpha-blend (using the source per-surface alpha value).

*     SDL_SRCALPHA not set:

*     copy RGB.

*     both:

*     if SDL_SRCCOLORKEY set, only copy the pixels matching the

*     source colour key.

*

* If either of the surfaces were in video memory, and the blit returns -2,

* the video memory was lost, so it should be reloaded with artwork and

* re-blitted:

* @code

*    while ( SDL_BlitSurface(image, imgrect, screen, dstrect) == -2 ) {

*        while ( SDL_LockSurface(image) < 0 )

*            Sleep(10);

*        -- Write image pixels to image->pixels --

*        SDL_UnlockSurface(image);

*    }

* @endcode

*

* This happens under DirectX 5.0 when the system switches away from your

* fullscreen application.  The lock will also fail until you have access

* to the video memory again.

*

* You should call SDL_BlitSurface() unless you know exactly how SDL

* blitting works internally and how to use the other blit functions.

*/

#define SDL_BlitSurface SDL_UpperBlit

可以看出   调用 SDL_BlitSurface（）

其实就是在调用 SDL_UpperBlit（）我们可以看下这个函数 

他定义在SDL_surface.c中

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SDL_Flip（）函数  函数的声明可以看SDL_video.h  定义的话  就在 SDL_video.c

/**

* On hardware that supports double-buffering, this function sets up a flip

* and returns.  The hardware will wait for vertical retrace, and then swap

* video buffers before the next video surface blit or lock will return.

* On hardware that doesn not support double-buffering, this is equivalent

* to calling SDL_UpdateRect(screen, 0, 0, 0, 0);

* The SDL_DOUBLEBUF flag must have been passed to SDL_SetVideoMode() when

* setting the video mode for this function to perform hardware flipping.

* This function returns 0 if successful, or -1 if there was an error.

*/

extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_Flip(SDL_Surface *screen);

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SDL_Delay()这个函数  只是看起来简单  但是由于SDL的跨平台性  这个函数的定义就有点复杂了

函数声明在SDL_timer.h

/** Wait a specified number of milliseconds before returning */

extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_Delay(Uint32 ms);

定义在SDL_systimer.c

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SDL_FreeSurface（）函数

函数定义在SDL_surface.c文件中

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SDL_Quit（）函数  与SDL_Init定义在同一个文件（SDL.c）

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SDL_DisplayFormat（）函数声明在SDL_video.h中

/**

* This function takes a surface and copies it to a new surface of the

* pixel format and colors of the video framebuffer, suitable for fast

* blitting onto the display surface.  It calls SDL_ConvertSurface()

*

* If you want to take advantage of hardware colorkey or alpha blit

* acceleration, you should set the colorkey and alpha value before

* calling this function.

*

* If the conversion fails or runs out of memory, it returns NULL

*/

extern DECLSPEC SDL_Surface * SDLCALL SDL_DisplayFormat(SDL_Surface *surface);

函数的声明在SDL_video.c

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IMG_Load（）函数是扩展库提供的   我这边就不多说了