环境:Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.8, Oracle 10g,必须提前安装好Oracle数据库软件。
1.设置环境变量
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=test
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/sbin:/opt/bin
export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
2.手工创建如下目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/cdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/bdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/udump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test
chmod -R 755 /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
3. 创建最简单的initTEST.ora文件
cd $ORALE_HOME/dbs
cat init.ora | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$ > initSID.ora
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest.ora
#以下为建库必需参数
control_files=(/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control02.ctl,/u01/app/orac
le/oradata/test/control03.ctl)
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
db_name = TEST
db_unique_name = TEST
db_block_size = 8192
sga_max_size = 320M
sga_target = 320M
#以下为一般建库需设置的参数,不设置就采用默认值
audit_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adump #不设置默认$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/adump
background_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/bdump #不设置默认$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/log
core_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/cdump #不设置默认$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs
user_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/udump #不设置默认$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/log
4. 启动数据库到nomount状态
此时已经有可供启动的初始化参数文件了,将数据库启动到nomount状态。
SQL> startup nomount;
5. 创建spfile
实例启动以后立刻创建spfile,然后重启一次数据库,让数据库能够使用到spfile。
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
6.创建密码文件
用orapwd程序创建orapwTEST密码文件,如果记不清楚orapwd程序怎么用,直接敲orapwd然后回车,会告诉你语法是怎样的。
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=oracle entries=5
7. 要快速找到例句要查的是Administrator’s Guide这本文档中第二章 Creating an Oracle Database -> Creating the database -> Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement,
这里有完整的一条SQL语句,copy出来,然后按照实际需求编辑相应的地方, 然后执行(NOTE:修改MAXLOGFILES,undo,default)。
具体如下:
[oracle@vrhtest dbs]$ vi createdb.sql
CREATE DATABASE test
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 30
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 200
MAXINSTANCES 2
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 335544320 bytes
Fixed Size 2020640 bytes
Variable Size 113248992 bytes
Database Buffers 218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
SQL> @createdb.sql
Database created.
SQL>
8.创建缺省表空间
[oracle@vrhtest dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE CLS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/cls01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE CLS;
9. 运行catalog.sql(建数据字典视图) 和 catproc.sql(建存储过程包)
只需要运行这两个SQL,都在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin中,创建必须的数据字典和内置的package等
SQL>spool /home/oracle/cat.log
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
10.创建SQL PLUS属性和帮助(可选)
connect system/oracle
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
@?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql
connect /as sysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql(建锁相关的视图)
@?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql (建密码工具包dbms_crypto_toolkit)
@?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb(建工作空间管理相关对象,dbms_wm)
最终可以查看一些状态
select open_mode, name from v$database;
select current_scn, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$database;
select startup_time,status from v$instance;
参考:http://kuqlan.itpub.net/post/38575/527026
http://hi.baidu.com/edeed/item/b2a5a2cb7d88ea0fad092f89