1.什么是Radeon
-
简介:
Radeon（中文名称称为镭龙™）是一个英文产品的商标。Radeon是AMD公司出品的显示芯片的一种系列。俗称A卡。
全称一般写作：AMD Radeon HD xxxx ，例如台式机显卡型号：AMD Radeon HD 6450。HD7000系列以后，AMD启用新的AMD Radeon R9/R7 xxx命名旗下新的显示芯片。
出产型号 AMD Radeon系列的台式机显卡有： AMD Radeon RX 6000系列显卡 AMD Radeon RX 5000系列显卡 AMD Radeon VII 显卡 AMD Radeon RX 500系列显卡和Radeon RX Vega AMD Radeon RX 400和Radeon 400系列显卡 [1] AMD Radeon R9/R7 300 系列/FURY系列显卡 [2] AMD Radeon R9/R7 200 系列显卡 AMDRadeon HD 8000 系列显卡(OEM专供) AMD Radeon HD 7000 系列显卡 AMD Radeon HD 6000 系列显卡 ATI Radeon HD 5000 系列显卡 ATI Radeon HD 4000 系列显卡 ATI Radeon HD 3000 系列显卡 ATI Radeon HD 2000 系列显卡 ATI Radeon X 1000 系列显卡 面向Mac®的ATI Radeon™ 还有面向专业用户的 AMD Fire Pro™
2.什么是DRM
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Refer: 后面会详细介绍DRM框架
DRM
DRM，全称为Direct Rendering Manager。
- DRM是Linux目前主流的图形显示框架。相比较FB架构，DRM更能适应当前日益更新的显示硬件。
- 比如FB原生不支持多层合成、VSYNC、DMA-BUF、异步更新、fence机制等等。DRM原生全部支持。
- 同时DRM可以统一管理GPU和Display驱动，使软件架构更为统一，方便管理和维护。
- DRM是一个内核级的设备驱动，既可以编译到内核中/也可以作为标准模块进行加载。
- DRM最初实在FreeBSD中出现的，后来被移植到Linux系统中，成为Linux系统的标准部分。
-
DRM从模块上划分，可以简单分为三个部分: LIBDRM、KMS、GEM
-
LIBDRM
对底层接口进行封装，向上层提供通用的API接口，主要是对各种IOCTL接口进行封装。
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KMS
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KMS Kernel Mode Setting -----Mode Setting：更新画面和设置显示参数
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更新画面: 显示buffer的切换，多图层的合成方式以及每个图层的显示位置
-
设置显示参数：分辨率、刷新率、电源状态(休眠唤醒)等
-
包含元素:
-
FB (帧缓冲/帧缓存)
对计算机来说，FrameBuffer就是一块驱动和应用层都能访问的内存，是唯一一个和硬件无关的基本元素。 当然画图之前要有一定的格式化，比如说我可以规定什么样的色彩模式(RGB24/l420/YUUV等)以及分辨率的大小等
-
CRTC (绘图现场)
简写翻译就是阴极摄像管上下文，在DRM里CRTC表示显示输出的上下文。
- 对显示buffer进行扫描，并产生时序信号的硬件模块，通常指Display Controller
- CRTC内指一个FrameBuffer地址，外连一个Encoder。 FrameBuffer — CRTC — Encoder
他们之间如何沟通。这就是显示模式(Mode Setting)需要做的事情。
ModeSetting包括了像前面提到的色彩模式，还有说显示的时序(Timings/ModeLines等都代表了这个意思等)，通常时序可以按照一下来表达:
名称 含义 PCLK 像素时钟 HFP 水平前回扫 HBP 水平后回扫 HSW 水平同步头 X_RES 水平有效长度 VFP 垂直前回扫 VBP 垂直后回扫 VSW 垂直同步头 Y_RES 垂直有效长度 - 一个CRTC可以连接多个Encoder，实现复制屏幕功能。
-
Encoder (输出转换器)
- 负责将CRTC输出的Timing时序转换成外部设备所需要的信号的模块，如HDMI转换器或DSI Controller
- 显卡可以连接各种不同的设备，显然输出需要不同的信号转换器，将内存的像素转换成显示器需要的信号(DVID、VGA、YPbPr、CVBS等等)
-
Connector (连接器)
- 连接物理显示设备的连接器，如HDMI、DisplayPort、DSI总线，通常和Encoder驱动绑定在一起
- 回到DRM，这是一个抽象的数据结构，代表连接的显示设备，从这里我们可以得到设备的EDID、DPMS连接状态等。
-
PLANE (硬件图层)
- 有的DisPlay硬件支持多层合成显示，但所有的DisplayController至少要有1个plane
6.VBLANK (垂直消隐、场消隐)
- 软件和硬件的同步机制，RGB时序中的垂直消影区，软件通常使用硬件VSYNC来实现
-
PROPERTY (属性)
- 任何你想设置的参数，都可以做成proprety，是DRM驱动中最灵活、最方便的Mode Setting机制
-
-
- GEM
- Graphic Execution Manager，主要负责显示buffer的分配和释放
- 也是GPU唯一用到DRM的地方
- 包含元素: DUMB、PRIME、FENCE
- DUMB: 只支持连续物理内存，基于Kernel中通用CMA API实现，多用于小分辨率简单场景
- PRIME: 连续、非连续物理内存都支持，基于DMA-BUF机制，可以实现buffer共享，多用于大内存复杂场景
- FENCE: buffer同步机制，基于内核dma_fence机制实现，用于防止显示内容出现异步问题
- DUMB: 只支持连续物理内存，基于Kernel中通用CMA API实现，多用于小分辨率简单场景
3.Radeon初始化
-
解析DRM代码，以从底层介绍显卡驱动的初始化，显卡类型是AMD的radeon r600以后的系列显卡。
-
基本过程就是驱动载入、硬件初始化、设置硬件独立的模块(如内存管理器)、设置显示(分辨率等)
-
代码path:
/home/fakechen/work/klinux-4.19/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.cmodule_init(radeon_init); module_exit(radeon_exit); MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR); MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL and additional rights");static int __init radeon_init(void) { if (vgacon_text_force() && radeon_modeset == -1) { DRM_INFO("VGACON disable radeon kernel modesetting.\n"); radeon_modeset = 0; } /* set to modesetting by default if not nomodeset */ if (radeon_modeset == -1) radeon_modeset = 1; if (radeon_modeset == 1) { DRM_INFO("radeon kernel modesetting enabled.\n"); driver = &kms_driver; pdriver = &radeon_kms_pci_driver; driver->driver_features |= DRIVER_MODESET; driver->num_ioctls = radeon_max_kms_ioctl; radeon_register_atpx_handler(); } else { DRM_ERROR("No UMS support in radeon module!\n"); return -EINVAL; } return pci_register_driver(pdriver); } static void __exit radeon_exit(void) { pci_unregister_driver(pdriver); radeon_unregister_atpx_handler(); } -
radeon_init函数中调用pci_register_driver(pdriver)注册pdriver，pdriver实际指向了radeon_kms_pci_driverstatic struct drm_driver *driver; static struct pci_driver *pdriver;static struct pci_driver radeon_kms_pci_driver = { .name = DRIVER_NAME, .id_table = pciidlist, .probe = radeon_pci_probe, .remove = radeon_pci_remove, .shutdown = radeon_pci_shutdown, .driver.pm = &radeon_pm_ops, }; -
驱动和设备匹配之后调用
radeon_pci_probe，源码如下:static int radeon_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *ent) { unsigned long flags = 0; int ret; if (!ent) return -ENODEV; /* Avoid NULL-ptr deref in drm_get_pci_dev */ flags = ent->driver_data; if (!radeon_si_support) { switch (flags & RADEON_FAMILY_MASK) { case CHIP_TAHITI: case CHIP_PITCAIRN: case CHIP_VERDE: case CHIP_OLAND: case CHIP_HAINAN: dev_info(&pdev->dev, "SI support disabled by module param\n"); return -ENODEV; } } if (!radeon_cik_support) { switch (flags & RADEON_FAMILY_MASK) { case CHIP_KAVERI: case CHIP_BONAIRE: case CHIP_HAWAII: case CHIP_KABINI: case CHIP_MULLINS: dev_info(&pdev->dev, "CIK support disabled by module param\n"); return -ENODEV; } } if (vga_switcheroo_client_probe_defer(pdev)) return -EPROBE_DEFER; /* Get rid of things like offb */ ret = radeon_kick_out_firmware_fb(pdev); if (ret) return ret; return drm_get_pci_dev(pdev, ent, &kms_driver); } -
radeon_pci_probe函数最后调用drm_get_pci_dev(pdev, ent, &kms_driver)，kms_driver的初始化内容如下:int drm_get_pci_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *ent,struct drm_driver *driver)
static struct drm_driver kms_driver = { .driver_features = DRIVER_USE_AGP | DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ | DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED | DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_PRIME | DRIVER_RENDER, .load = radeon_driver_load_kms, .open = radeon_driver_open_kms, .postclose = radeon_driver_postclose_kms, .lastclose = radeon_driver_lastclose_kms, .unload = radeon_driver_unload_kms, .get_vblank_counter = radeon_get_vblank_counter_kms, .enable_vblank = radeon_enable_vblank_kms, .disable_vblank = radeon_disable_vblank_kms, .get_vblank_timestamp = drm_calc_vbltimestamp_from_scanoutpos, .get_scanout_position = radeon_get_crtc_scanout_position, .irq_preinstall = radeon_driver_irq_preinstall_kms, .irq_postinstall = radeon_driver_irq_postinstall_kms, .irq_uninstall = radeon_driver_irq_uninstall_kms, .irq_handler = radeon_driver_irq_handler_kms, .ioctls = radeon_ioctls_kms, .gem_free_object_unlocked = radeon_gem_object_free, .gem_open_object = radeon_gem_object_open, .gem_close_object = radeon_gem_object_close, .dumb_create = radeon_mode_dumb_create, .dumb_map_offset = radeon_mode_dumb_mmap, .fops = &radeon_driver_kms_fops, .prime_handle_to_fd = drm_gem_prime_handle_to_fd, .prime_fd_to_handle = drm_gem_prime_fd_to_handle, .gem_prime_export = radeon_gem_prime_export, .gem_prime_import = drm_gem_prime_import, .gem_prime_pin = radeon_gem_prime_pin, .gem_prime_unpin = radeon_gem_prime_unpin, .gem_prime_res_obj = radeon_gem_prime_res_obj, .gem_prime_get_sg_table = radeon_gem_prime_get_sg_table, .gem_prime_import_sg_table = radeon_gem_prime_import_sg_table, .gem_prime_vmap = radeon_gem_prime_vmap, .gem_prime_vunmap = radeon_gem_prime_vunmap, .name = DRIVER_NAME, .desc = DRIVER_DESC, .date = DRIVER_DATE, .major = KMS_DRIVER_MAJOR, .minor = KMS_DRIVER_MINOR, .patchlevel = KMS_DRIVER_PATCHLEVEL, }; -
drm_get_pci_dev函数代码如下:
- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
/** * drm_get_pci_dev - Register a PCI device with the DRM subsystem * @pdev: PCI device * @ent: entry from the PCI ID table that matches @pdev * @driver: DRM device driver * * Attempt to gets inter module "drm" information. If we are first * then register the character device and inter module information. * Try and register, if we fail to register, backout previous work. * * NOTE: This function is deprecated, please use drm_dev_alloc() and * drm_dev_register() instead and remove your &drm_driver.load callback. * * Return: 0 on success or a negative error code on failure. */ int drm_get_pci_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *ent,struct drm_driver *driver) { struct drm_device *dev; int ret; DRM_DEBUG("\n"); dev = drm_dev_alloc(driver, &pdev->dev); if (IS_ERR(dev)) return PTR_ERR(dev); ret = pci_enable_device(pdev); if (ret) goto err_free; dev->pdev = pdev; #ifdef __alpha__ dev->hose = pdev->sysdata; #endif if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_MODESET)) pci_set_drvdata(pdev, dev); drm_pci_agp_init(dev); ret = drm_dev_register(dev, ent->driver_data); if (ret) goto err_agp; /* No locking needed since shadow-attach is single-threaded since it may * only be called from the per-driver module init hook. */ if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_LEGACY)) list_add_tail(&dev->legacy_dev_list, &driver->legacy_dev_list); return 0; err_agp: drm_pci_agp_destroy(dev); pci_disable_device(pdev); err_free: drm_dev_put(dev); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_get_pci_dev); -
drm_get_pci_dev函数，这是一个比较关键的函数，其中调用了几个函数。- 先说第一个函数：
drm_dev_alloc - 调用处：
dev = drm_dev_alloc(driver, &pdev->dev); - 源码如下：drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
- 先说第一个函数：
/**
* drm_dev_alloc - Allocate new DRM device
* @driver: DRM driver to allocate device for
* @parent: Parent device object
*
* Allocate and initialize a new DRM device. No device registration is done.
* Call drm_dev_register() to advertice the device to user space and register it
* with other core subsystems. This should be done last in the device
* initialization sequence to make sure userspace can't access an inconsistent
* state.
*
* The initial ref-count of the object is 1. Use drm_dev_get() and
* drm_dev_put() to take and drop further ref-counts.
*
* Note that for purely virtual devices @parent can be NULL.
*
* Drivers that wish to subclass or embed &struct drm_device into their
* own struct should look at using drm_dev_init() instead.
*
* RETURNS:
* Pointer to new DRM device, or ERR_PTR on failure.
*/
struct drm_device *drm_dev_alloc(struct drm_driver *driver,
struct device *parent)
{
struct drm_device *dev;
int ret;
dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
ret = drm_dev_init(dev, driver, parent);
if (ret) {
kfree(dev);
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_dev_alloc);
-
这个函数的参数struct drm_driver *driver 其实就是指向
kms_driver -
函数完成的事情：①先分配了一个struct drm_device结构，并使用dev指向这个结构 ②相当于就是新建了一个drm设备(drm_device)
-
接下来调用drm_dev_init函数对于这个新建的设备进行初始化。
-
代码如下:
drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c/** * drm_dev_init - Initialise new DRM device * @dev: DRM device * @driver: DRM driver * @parent: Parent device object * * Initialize a new DRM device. No device registration is done. * Call drm_dev_register() to advertice the device to user space and register it * with other core subsystems. This should be done last in the device * initialization sequence to make sure userspace can't access an inconsistent * state. * * The initial ref-count of the object is 1. Use drm_dev_get() and * drm_dev_put() to take and drop further ref-counts. * * Note that for purely virtual devices @parent can be NULL. * * Drivers that do not want to allocate their own device struct * embedding &struct drm_device can call drm_dev_alloc() instead. For drivers * that do embed &struct drm_device it must be placed first in the overall * structure, and the overall structure must be allocated using kmalloc(): The * drm core's release function unconditionally calls kfree() on the @dev pointer * when the final reference is released. To override this behaviour, and so * allow embedding of the drm_device inside the driver's device struct at an * arbitrary offset, you must supply a &drm_driver.release callback and control * the finalization explicitly. * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, or error code on failure. */ int drm_dev_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_driver *driver, struct device *parent) { int ret; if (!drm_core_init_complete) { DRM_ERROR("DRM core is not initialized\n"); return -ENODEV; } kref_init(&dev->ref); dev->dev = get_device(parent); dev->driver = driver; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->filelist); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->filelist_internal); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->clientlist); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->ctxlist); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->vmalist); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->maplist); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->vblank_event_list); spin_lock_init(&dev->buf_lock); spin_lock_init(&dev->event_lock); mutex_init(&dev->struct_mutex); mutex_init(&dev->filelist_mutex); mutex_init(&dev->clientlist_mutex); mutex_init(&dev->ctxlist_mutex); mutex_init(&dev->master_mutex); dev->anon_inode = drm_fs_inode_new(); if (IS_ERR(dev->anon_inode)) { ret = PTR_ERR(dev->anon_inode); DRM_ERROR("Cannot allocate anonymous inode: %d\n", ret); goto err_free; } if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_RENDER)) { ret = drm_minor_alloc(dev, DRM_MINOR_RENDER); if (ret) goto err_minors; } ret = drm_minor_alloc(dev, DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY); if (ret) goto err_minors; ret = drm_ht_create(&dev->map_hash, 12); if (ret) goto err_minors; drm_legacy_ctxbitmap_init(dev); if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_GEM)) { ret = drm_gem_init(dev); if (ret) { DRM_ERROR("Cannot initialize graphics execution manager (GEM)\n"); goto err_ctxbitmap; } } /* Use the parent device name as DRM device unique identifier, but fall * back to the driver name for virtual devices like vgem. */ ret = drm_dev_set_unique(dev, parent ? dev_name(parent) : driver->name); if (ret) goto err_setunique; return 0; err_setunique: if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_GEM)) drm_gem_destroy(dev); err_ctxbitmap: drm_legacy_ctxbitmap_cleanup(dev); drm_ht_remove(&dev->map_hash); err_minors: drm_minor_free(dev, DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY); drm_minor_free(dev, DRM_MINOR_RENDER); drm_fs_inode_free(dev->anon_inode); err_free: put_device(dev->dev); mutex_destroy(&dev->master_mutex); mutex_destroy(&dev->ctxlist_mutex); mutex_destroy(&dev->clientlist_mutex); mutex_destroy(&dev->filelist_mutex); mutex_destroy(&dev->struct_mutex); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_dev_init); -
函数说明已经很清楚了，
drm_dev_init函数初始化了一个新的DRM设备，其实就是给上面2.新分配的struct drm_device *dev赋值-
传入的参数，被下面两句程序用到:
dev->dev = get_device(parent); dev->driver = driver;
-
-
上面我们讲到了
drm_get_pci_dev函数的第一个函数drm_dev_alloc-
在
drm_dev_alloc函数中，注释里面有这样一段话- Allocate and initialize a new DRM device. No device registration is done.
- Call drm_dev_register() to advertice the device to user space and register it
- with other core subsystems. This should be done last in the device
- initialization sequence to make sure userspace can’t access an inconsistent
- state.
-
大概的意思是说：初始化了新的DRM设备，但是没有去注册它。需要在初始化后面调用
drm_dev_register()来注册以便通知到用户空间 -
再看
drm_get_pci_dev调用的第二个函数drm_dev_register -
调用处：
ret = drm_dev_register(dev, ent->driver_data); -
源码如下：drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
/** * drm_dev_register - Register DRM device * @dev: Device to register * @flags: Flags passed to the driver's .load() function * * Register the DRM device @dev with the system, advertise device to user-space * and start normal device operation. @dev must be allocated via drm_dev_alloc() * previously. * * Never call this twice on any device! * * NOTE: To ensure backward compatibility with existing drivers method this * function calls the &drm_driver.load method after registering the device * nodes, creating race conditions. Usage of the &drm_driver.load methods is * therefore deprecated, drivers must perform all initialization before calling * drm_dev_register(). * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, negative error code on failure. */ int drm_dev_register(struct drm_device *dev, unsigned long flags) { struct drm_driver *driver = dev->driver; int ret; mutex_lock(&drm_global_mutex); ret = drm_minor_register(dev, DRM_MINOR_RENDER); if (ret) goto err_minors; ret = drm_minor_register(dev, DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY); if (ret) goto err_minors; ret = create_compat_control_link(dev); if (ret) goto err_minors; dev->registered = true; if (dev->driver->load) { ret = dev->driver->load(dev, flags); if (ret) goto err_minors; } if (drm_core_check_feature(dev, DRIVER_MODESET)) drm_modeset_register_all(dev); ret = 0; DRM_INFO("Initialized %s %d.%d.%d %s for %s on minor %d\n", driver->name, driver->major, driver->minor, driver->patchlevel, driver->date, dev->dev ? dev_name(dev->dev) : "virtual device", dev->primary->index); goto out_unlock; err_minors: remove_compat_control_link(dev); drm_minor_unregister(dev, DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY); drm_minor_unregister(dev, DRM_MINOR_RENDER); out_unlock: mutex_unlock(&drm_global_mutex); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(drm_dev_register);-
重点看一下代码中的这一段程序：
if (dev->driver->load) { ret = dev->driver->load(dev, flags); if (ret) goto err_minors; }- dev就是
drm_dev_alloc函数中，新分配并初始化的dev - dev->driver也就是中的
drm_dev_init中的dev->driver = driver(kms_driver); - 也就是说dev->driver实际上指向了kms_driver
- dev->driver->load不言而喻，指向
struct drm_driver kms_driver中的 .load = radeon_driver_load_kms
- dev就是
-
-
-
radeon_driver_load_kms 这个函数是所有和GPU初始化相关内容的起始点
- radeon_driver_load_kms这个函数是所有和GPU初始化相关的内容的起始点（start）
- 通过调用radeon_device_init来初始化芯片的非显示部分(asic init, CP, writeback等）
- 通过调用radeon_modeset_init来初始化显示部分（CRTC、connector、encoder、hotplug detect等）
-
源码如下：drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_kms.c
/** * radeon_driver_load_kms - Main load function for KMS. * * @dev: drm dev pointer * @flags: device flags * * This is the main load function for KMS (all asics). * It calls radeon_device_init() to set up the non-display * parts of the chip (asic init, CP, writeback, etc.), and * radeon_modeset_init() to set up the display parts * (crtcs, encoders, hotplug detect, etc.). * Returns 0 on success, error on failure. */ int radeon_driver_load_kms(struct drm_device *dev, unsigned long flags) { struct radeon_device *rdev; int r, acpi_status; #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON3 turn_off_lvds(); #endif rdev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct radeon_device), GFP_KERNEL); if (rdev == NULL) { return -ENOMEM; } dev->dev_private = (void *)rdev; /* update BUS flag */ if (pci_find_capability(dev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_AGP)) { flags |= RADEON_IS_AGP; } else if (pci_is_pcie(dev->pdev)) { flags |= RADEON_IS_PCIE; } else { flags |= RADEON_IS_PCI; } if ((radeon_runtime_pm != 0) && radeon_has_atpx() && ((flags & RADEON_IS_IGP) == 0) && !pci_is_thunderbolt_attached(dev->pdev)) flags |= RADEON_IS_PX; /* radeon_device_init should report only fatal error * like memory allocation failure or iomapping failure, * or memory manager initialization failure, it must * properly initialize the GPU MC controller and permit * VRAM allocation */ r = radeon_device_init(rdev, dev, dev->pdev, flags); if (r) { dev_err(&dev->pdev->dev, "Fatal error during GPU init\n"); goto out; } /* Again modeset_init should fail only on fatal error * otherwise it should provide enough functionalities * for shadowfb to run */ r = radeon_modeset_init(rdev); if (r) dev_err(&dev->pdev->dev, "Fatal error during modeset init\n"); #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON3 turn_on_lvds(); #endif /* Call ACPI methods: require modeset init * but failure is not fatal */ if (!r) { acpi_status = radeon_acpi_init(rdev); if (acpi_status) dev_dbg(&dev->pdev->dev, "Error during ACPI methods call\n"); } if (radeon_is_px(dev)) { dev_pm_set_driver_flags(dev->dev, DPM_FLAG_NEVER_SKIP); pm_runtime_use_autosuspend(dev->dev); pm_runtime_set_autosuspend_delay(dev->dev, 5000); pm_runtime_set_active(dev->dev); pm_runtime_allow(dev->dev); pm_runtime_mark_last_busy(dev->dev); pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(dev->dev); } out: if (r) radeon_driver_unload_kms(dev); return r; }-
函数一开始先分配struct radeon_device结构体实例
struct radeon_device *rdev;，即新建了一个struct radeon_device设备-
struct radeon_device(drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon.h) 的定义如下:/* * Core structure, functions and helpers. */ typedef uint32_t (*radeon_rreg_t)(struct radeon_device*, uint32_t); typedef void (*radeon_wreg_t)(struct radeon_device*, uint32_t, uint32_t); struct radeon_device { struct device *dev; struct drm_device *ddev; struct pci_dev *pdev; struct rw_semaphore exclusive_lock; /* ASIC */ union radeon_asic_config config; enum radeon_family family; unsigned long flags; int usec_timeout; enum radeon_pll_errata pll_errata; int num_gb_pipes; int num_z_pipes; int disp_priority; /* BIOS */ uint8_t *bios; bool is_atom_bios; uint16_t bios_header_start; struct radeon_bo *stolen_vga_memory; /* Register mmio */ resource_size_t rmmio_base; resource_size_t rmmio_size; /* protects concurrent MM_INDEX/DATA based register access */ spinlock_t mmio_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent SMC based register access */ spinlock_t smc_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent PLL register access */ spinlock_t pll_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent MC register access */ spinlock_t mc_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent PCIE register access */ spinlock_t pcie_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent PCIE_PORT register access */ spinlock_t pciep_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent PIF register access */ spinlock_t pif_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent CG register access */ spinlock_t cg_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent UVD register access */ spinlock_t uvd_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent RCU register access */ spinlock_t rcu_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent DIDT register access */ spinlock_t didt_idx_lock; /* protects concurrent ENDPOINT (audio) register access */ spinlock_t end_idx_lock; void __iomem *rmmio; radeon_rreg_t mc_rreg; radeon_wreg_t mc_wreg; radeon_rreg_t pll_rreg; radeon_wreg_t pll_wreg; uint32_t pcie_reg_mask; radeon_rreg_t pciep_rreg; radeon_wreg_t pciep_wreg; /* io port */ void __iomem *rio_mem; resource_size_t rio_mem_size; struct radeon_clock clock; struct radeon_mc mc; struct radeon_gart gart; struct radeon_mode_info mode_info; struct radeon_scratch scratch; struct radeon_doorbell doorbell; struct radeon_mman mman; struct radeon_fence_driver fence_drv[RADEON_NUM_RINGS]; wait_queue_head_t fence_queue; u64 fence_context; struct mutex ring_lock; struct radeon_ring ring[RADEON_NUM_RINGS]; bool ib_pool_ready; struct radeon_sa_manager ring_tmp_bo; struct radeon_irq irq; struct radeon_asic *asic; struct radeon_gem gem; struct radeon_pm pm; struct radeon_uvd uvd; struct radeon_vce vce; uint32_t bios_scratch[RADEON_BIOS_NUM_SCRATCH]; struct radeon_wb wb; struct radeon_dummy_page dummy_page; bool shutdown; bool need_dma32; bool need_swiotlb; bool accel_working; bool fastfb_working; /* IGP feature*/ bool needs_reset, in_reset; struct radeon_surface_reg surface_regs[RADEON_GEM_MAX_SURFACES]; const struct firmware *me_fw; /* all family ME firmware */ const struct firmware *pfp_fw; /* r6/700 PFP firmware */ const struct firmware *rlc_fw; /* r6/700 RLC firmware */ const struct firmware *mc_fw; /* NI MC firmware */ const struct firmware *ce_fw; /* SI CE firmware */ const struct firmware *mec_fw; /* CIK MEC firmware */ const struct firmware *mec2_fw; /* KV MEC2 firmware */ const struct firmware *sdma_fw; /* CIK SDMA firmware */ const struct firmware *smc_fw; /* SMC firmware */ const struct firmware *uvd_fw; /* UVD firmware */ const struct firmware *vce_fw; /* VCE firmware */ bool new_fw; struct r600_vram_scratch vram_scratch; int msi_enabled; /* msi enabled */ struct r600_ih ih; /* r6/700 interrupt ring */ struct radeon_rlc rlc; struct radeon_mec mec; struct delayed_work hotplug_work; struct work_struct dp_work; struct work_struct audio_work; int need_recover; struct delayed_work recover_work; int num_crtc; /* number of crtcs */ struct mutex dc_hw_i2c_mutex; /* display controller hw i2c mutex */ bool has_uvd; bool has_vce; struct r600_audio audio; /* audio stuff */ struct notifier_block acpi_nb; /* only one userspace can use Hyperz features or CMASK at a time */ struct drm_file *hyperz_filp; struct drm_file *cmask_filp; /* i2c buses */ struct radeon_i2c_chan *i2c_bus[RADEON_MAX_I2C_BUS]; /* debugfs */ struct radeon_debugfs debugfs[RADEON_DEBUGFS_MAX_COMPONENTS]; unsigned debugfs_count; /* virtual memory */ struct radeon_vm_manager vm_manager; struct mutex gpu_clock_mutex; /* memory stats */ atomic64_t vram_usage; atomic64_t gtt_usage; atomic64_t num_bytes_moved; atomic_t gpu_reset_counter; /* ACPI interface */ struct radeon_atif atif; struct radeon_atcs atcs; /* srbm instance registers */ struct mutex srbm_mutex; /* clock, powergating flags */ u32 cg_flags; u32 pg_flags; struct dev_pm_domain vga_pm_domain; bool have_disp_power_ref; u32 px_quirk_flags; /* tracking pinned memory */ u64 vram_pin_size; u64 gart_pin_size; struct mutex mn_lock; DECLARE_HASHTABLE(mn_hash, 7); };
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分配完内存之后，紧接着就是
dev->dev_private = （void *)rdev，这句话完成了struct drm_device 和 struct radeon_device的衔接- 关键代码：
struct radeon_device *rdev; rdev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct radeon_device), GFP_KERNEL); dev->dev_private = (void *)rdev;- radeon_driver_load_kms这个函数是所有和GPU初始化相关的内容的起始点（start）
- 通过调用radeon_device_init来初始化芯片的非显示部分(asic init, CP, writeback等）
- 通过调用radeon_modeset_init来初始化显示部分（CRTC、connector、encoder、hotplug detect等）
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分析radeon_driver_load_kms函数中的两大核心函数之一：radeon_device_init
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调用处代码：
r = radeon_device_init(rdev, dev, dev->pdev, flags); -
源码如下: drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_device.c
/** * radeon_device_init - initialize the driver * * @rdev: radeon_device pointer * @pdev: drm dev pointer * @pdev: pci dev pointer * @flags: driver flags * * Initializes the driver info and hw (all asics). * Returns 0 for success or an error on failure. * Called at driver startup. */ int radeon_device_init(struct radeon_device *rdev, struct drm_device *ddev, struct pci_dev *pdev, uint32_t flags) { int r, i; int dma_bits; bool runtime = false; rdev->shutdown = false; rdev->dev = &pdev->dev; rdev->ddev = ddev; rdev->pdev = pdev; rdev->flags = flags; rdev->family = flags & RADEON_FAMILY_MASK; rdev->is_atom_bios = false; rdev->usec_timeout = RADEON_MAX_USEC_TIMEOUT; rdev->mc.gtt_size = 512 * 1024 * 1024; rdev->accel_working = false; /* set up ring ids */ for (i = 0; i < RADEON_NUM_RINGS; i++) { rdev->ring[i].idx = i; } rdev->fence_context = dma_fence_context_alloc(RADEON_NUM_RINGS); DRM_INFO("initializing kernel modesetting (%s 0x%04X:0x%04X 0x%04X:0x%04X 0x%02X).\n", radeon_family_name[rdev->family], pdev->vendor, pdev->device, pdev->subsystem_vendor, pdev->subsystem_device, pdev->revision); /* mutex initialization are all done here so we * can recall function without having locking issues */ mutex_init(&rdev->ring_lock); mutex_init(&rdev->dc_hw_i2c_mutex); atomic_set(&rdev->ih.lock, 0); mutex_init(&rdev->gem.mutex); mutex_init(&rdev->pm.mutex); mutex_init(&rdev->gpu_clock_mutex); mutex_init(&rdev->srbm_mutex); init_rwsem(&rdev->pm.mclk_lock); init_rwsem(&rdev->exclusive_lock); init_waitqueue_head(&rdev->irq.vblank_queue); mutex_init(&rdev->mn_lock); hash_init(rdev->mn_hash); r = radeon_gem_init(rdev); if (r) return r; radeon_check_arguments(rdev); /* Adjust VM size here. * Max GPUVM size for cayman+ is 40 bits. */ rdev->vm_manager.max_pfn = radeon_vm_size << 18; /* Set asic functions */ r = radeon_asic_setup(rdev); if (r) return r; /* all of the newer IGP chips have an internal gart * However some rs4xx report as AGP, so remove that here. */ if ((rdev->family >= CHIP_RS400) && (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_IGP)) { rdev->flags &= ~RADEON_IS_AGP; } if (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_AGP && radeon_agpmode == -1) { radeon_agp_disable(rdev); } /* Set the internal MC address mask * This is the max address of the GPU's * internal address space. */ if (rdev->family >= CHIP_CAYMAN) rdev->mc.mc_mask = 0xffffffffffULL; /* 40 bit MC */ else if (rdev->family >= CHIP_CEDAR) rdev->mc.mc_mask = 0xfffffffffULL; /* 36 bit MC */ else rdev->mc.mc_mask = 0xffffffffULL; /* 32 bit MC */ /* set DMA mask + need_dma32 flags. * PCIE - can handle 40-bits. * IGP - can handle 40-bits * AGP - generally dma32 is safest * PCI - dma32 for legacy pci gart, 40 bits on newer asics */ rdev->need_dma32 = false; if (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_AGP) rdev->need_dma32 = true; if ((rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_PCI) && (rdev->family <= CHIP_RS740)) rdev->need_dma32 = true; #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 if (rdev->family == CHIP_CEDAR) rdev->need_dma32 = true; #endif dma_bits = rdev->need_dma32 ? 32 : 40; r = pci_set_dma_mask(rdev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(dma_bits)); if (r) { rdev->need_dma32 = true; dma_bits = 32; pr_warn("radeon: No suitable DMA available\n"); } r = pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(rdev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(dma_bits)); if (r) { pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(rdev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); pr_warn("radeon: No coherent DMA available\n"); } rdev->need_swiotlb = drm_get_max_iomem() > ((u64)1 << dma_bits); /* Registers mapping */ /* TODO: block userspace mapping of io register */ spin_lock_init(&rdev->mmio_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->smc_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->pll_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->mc_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->pcie_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->pciep_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->pif_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->cg_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->uvd_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->rcu_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->didt_idx_lock); spin_lock_init(&rdev->end_idx_lock); if (rdev->family >= CHIP_BONAIRE) { rdev->rmmio_base = pci_resource_start(rdev->pdev, 5); rdev->rmmio_size = pci_resource_len(rdev->pdev, 5); } else { rdev->rmmio_base = pci_resource_start(rdev->pdev, 2); rdev->rmmio_size = pci_resource_len(rdev->pdev, 2); } rdev->rmmio = ioremap(rdev->rmmio_base, rdev->rmmio_size); if (rdev->rmmio == NULL) return -ENOMEM; /* doorbell bar mapping */ if (rdev->family >= CHIP_BONAIRE) radeon_doorbell_init(rdev); /* io port mapping */ for (i = 0; i < DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE; i++) { if (pci_resource_flags(rdev->pdev, i) & IORESOURCE_IO) { rdev->rio_mem_size = pci_resource_len(rdev->pdev, i); rdev->rio_mem = pci_iomap(rdev->pdev, i, rdev->rio_mem_size); break; } } if (rdev->rio_mem == NULL) DRM_ERROR("Unable to find PCI I/O BAR\n"); if (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_PX) radeon_device_handle_px_quirks(rdev); /* if we have > 1 VGA cards, then disable the radeon VGA resources */ /* this will fail for cards that aren't VGA class devices, just * ignore it */ vga_client_register(rdev->pdev, rdev, NULL, radeon_vga_set_decode); if (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_PX) runtime = true; if (!pci_is_thunderbolt_attached(rdev->pdev)) vga_switcheroo_register_client(rdev->pdev, &radeon_switcheroo_ops, runtime); if (runtime) vga_switcheroo_init_domain_pm_ops(rdev->dev, &rdev->vga_pm_domain); r = radeon_asic_init(rdev); if (r) goto failed; r = radeon_gem_debugfs_init(rdev); if (r) { DRM_ERROR("registering gem debugfs failed (%d).\n", r); } r = radeon_mst_debugfs_init(rdev); if (r) { DRM_ERROR("registering mst debugfs failed (%d).\n", r); } if (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_AGP && !rdev->accel_working) { /* Acceleration not working on AGP card try again * with fallback to PCI or PCIE GART */ radeon_asic_reset(rdev); radeon_asic_fini(rdev); radeon_agp_disable(rdev); r = radeon_asic_init(rdev); if (r) goto failed; } r = radeon_ib_ring_tests(rdev); if (r) DRM_ERROR("ib ring test failed (%d).\n", r); /* * Turks/Thames GPU will freeze whole laptop if DPM is not restarted * after the CP ring have chew one packet at least. Hence here we stop * and restart DPM after the radeon_ib_ring_tests(). */ if (rdev->pm.dpm_enabled && (rdev->pm.pm_method == PM_METHOD_DPM) && (rdev->family == CHIP_TURKS) && (rdev->flags & RADEON_IS_MOBILITY)) { mutex_lock(&rdev->pm.mutex); radeon_dpm_disable(rdev); radeon_dpm_enable(rdev); mutex_unlock(&rdev->pm.mutex); } if ((radeon_testing & 1)) { if (rdev->accel_working) radeon_test_moves(rdev); else DRM_INFO("radeon: acceleration disabled, skipping move tests\n"); } if ((radeon_testing & 2)) { if (rdev->accel_working) radeon_test_syncing(rdev); else DRM_INFO("radeon: acceleration disabled, skipping sync tests\n"); } if (radeon_benchmarking) { if (rdev->accel_working) radeon_benchmark(rdev, radeon_benchmarking); else DRM_INFO("radeon: acceleration disabled, skipping benchmarks\n"); } return 0; failed: /* balance pm_runtime_get_sync() in radeon_driver_unload_kms() */ if (radeon_is_px(ddev)) pm_runtime_put_noidle(ddev->dev); if (runtime) vga_switcheroo_fini_domain_pm_ops(rdev->dev); return r; }- 前文提过，
radeon_device_init函数的作用是初始化芯片的非显示部分(asic init, CP, writeback等） radeon_device_init函数首先会初始化一大堆的驱动需要使用的结构，然后调用radeon_asic_init- **radeon_asic_init(rdev)**用于设置电路相关的一些函数指针，比如睡眠/恢复调用，硬件重置，设置和处理中断请求，设置和获取时钟等等。
- 我们再来看一下：radeon_driver_load_kms --> radeon_device_init --> radeon_gem_init
- 源码如下：
drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_gem.c
int radeon_gem_init(struct radeon_device *rdev) { INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdev->gem.objects); return 0; }-
终于看到一个短的函数了！那么我们就有篇幅展开一个相关知识——内核链表。
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在Linux内核中，提供了一个用来创建双向循环链表的结构 list_head。
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虽然linux内核是用C语言写的，但是list_head的引入，使得内核数据结构也可以拥有面向对象的特性，通过使用操作list_head 的通用接口很容易实现代码的重用，有点类似于C++的继承机制。
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内核链表的相关代码在include/linux/list.h中，下面分别来看。
#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) } #define LIST_HEAD(name) \ struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list) { WRITE_ONCE(list->next, list); list->prev = list; }-
struct list_head的定义在include/linux/types.h中struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; };需要注意的一点是，头结点head是不适用的，这点需要特别注意。
使用list_head组织的链表的结构如下图所示：
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-o8T4kHtB-1618577435224)(/home/fakechen/文档/Tool/photo/image-20210401154913731.png)]
介绍了内核链表的相关知识之后，回到
radeon_gem_init函数中来-
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdev->gem.objects);这一句代码中rdev是struct radeon_device的实例，struct radeon_device结构体中的有一个gem成员：
struct radeon_device { struct radeon_gem gem; }其定义为drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon.h
struct radeon_gem { struct mutex mutex; struct list_head objects; };这样函数的作用就很明确了，初始化内核链表rdev->gem.objects
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- 前文提过，
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