substr('This is a test', 6, 2) would return'is' substr('This is a test', 6) would return'is a test' substr('TechOnTheNet', 1, 4) would return'Tech' substr('TechOnTheNet',-3, 3) would return'Net' substr('TechOnTheNet',-6, 3) would return'The' substr('TechOnTheNet',-8, 2) would return'On'