原来的框架
要实现的框架
注意事项:
- 如果 platform_device 中不提供 release 函数,如下图所示不提供红框部分的函数:
则在调用 platform_device_unregister 时会出现警告,如下图所示:
你可以提供一个 release 函数,如果实在无事可做,把这函数写为空。 - EXPORT_SYMBOL
a.c 编译为 a.ko,里面定义了 func_a;如果它想让 b.ko 使用该函数,那么 a.c 里需要导出此函数(如果 a.c, b.c 都编进内核,则无需导出):
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_device_create);
并且,使用时要先加载 a.ko。
如果先加载 b.ko,会有类似如下“Unknown symbol”的提示:
具体代码如下
ledtest.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
* ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 on
* ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 off
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
char status;
/* 1. 判断参数 */
if (argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage: %s <dev> <on | off>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
/* 3. 写文件 */
if (0 == strcmp(argv[2], "on"))
{
status = 1;
write(fd, &status, 1);
}
else
{
status = 0;
write(fd, &status, 1);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
leddrv.h
#ifndef _LEDDRV_H
#define _LEDDRV_H
#include "led_opr.h"
void led_class_create_device(int minor);
void led_class_destroy_device(int minor);
void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr);
#endif /* _LEDDRV_H */
leddrv.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include "led_opr.h"
/* 1. 确定主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *led_class;
struct led_operations *p_led_opr;
#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)
void led_class_create_device(int minor)
{
device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL, "100ask_led%d", minor); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */
}
void led_class_destroy_device(int minor)
{
device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, minor));
}
void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr)
{
p_led_opr = opr;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_create_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_destroy_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_led_operations);
/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t led_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
/* write(fd, &val, 1); */
static ssize_t led_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int err;
char status;
struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
int minor = iminor(inode);
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = copy_from_user(&status, buf, 1);
/* 根据次设备号和status控制LED */
p_led_opr->ctl(minor, status);
return 1;
}
static int led_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
int minor = iminor(node);
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/* 根据次设备号初始化LED */
p_led_opr->init(minor);
return 0;
}
static int led_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations led_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_drv_open,
.read = led_drv_read,
.write = led_drv_write,
.release = led_drv_close,
};
/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核:注册驱动程序 */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊?得有一个入口函数:安装驱动程序时,就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init led_init(void)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_led", &led_drv); /* /dev/led */
led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_led_class");
err = PTR_ERR(led_class);
if (IS_ERR(led_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "led");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数 */
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
class_destroy(led_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led");
}
/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
led_opr.h
#ifndef _LED_OPR_H
#define _LED_OPR_H
struct led_operations {
int (*init) (int which); /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
int (*ctl) (int which, char status); /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void);
#endif
led_resource.h
#ifndef _LED_RESOURCE_H
#define _LED_RESOURCE_H
/* GPIO3_0 */
/* bit[31:16] = group */
/* bit[15:0] = which pin */
#define GROUP(x) (x>>16)
#define PIN(x) (x&0xFFFF)
#define GROUP_PIN(g,p) ((g<<16) | (p))
#endif
board_A_led.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include "led_resource.h"
static void led_dev_release(struct device *dev)
{
}
static struct resource resources[] = {
{
.start = GROUP_PIN(3,1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
.name = "100ask_led_pin",
},
{
.start = GROUP_PIN(5,8),
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
.name = "100ask_led_pin",
},
};
static struct platform_device board_A_led_dev = {
.name = "100ask_led",
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(resources),
.resource = resources,
.dev = {
.release = led_dev_release,
},
};
static int __init led_dev_init(void)
{
int err;
err = platform_device_register(&board_A_led_dev);
return 0;
}
static void __exit led_dev_exit(void)
{
platform_device_unregister(&board_A_led_dev);
}
module_init(led_dev_init);
module_exit(led_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
chip_demo_gpio.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include "led_opr.h"
#include "leddrv.h"
#include "led_resource.h"
static int g_ledpins[100];
static int g_ledcnt = 0;
static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
{
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));
switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
{
case 0:
{
printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n");
break;
}
case 1:
{
printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n");
break;
}
case 2:
{
printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n");
break;
}
case 3:
{
printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
{
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));
switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
{
case 0:
{
printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n");
break;
}
case 1:
{
printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n");
break;
}
case 2:
{
printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n");
break;
}
case 3:
{
printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
.init = board_demo_led_init,
.ctl = board_demo_led_ctl,
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void)
{
return &board_demo_led_opr;
}
static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct resource *res;
int i = 0;
while (1)
{
res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i++);
if (!res)
break;
g_ledpins[g_ledcnt] = res->start;
led_class_create_device(g_ledcnt);
g_ledcnt++;
}
return 0;
}
static int chip_demo_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct resource *res;
int i = 0;
while (1)
{
res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i);
if (!res)
break;
led_class_destroy_device(i);
i++;
g_ledcnt--;
}
return 0;
}
static struct platform_driver chip_demo_gpio_driver = {
.probe = chip_demo_gpio_probe,
.remove = chip_demo_gpio_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_led",
},
};
static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void)
{
int err;
err = platform_driver_register(&chip_demo_gpio_driver);
register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr);
return 0;
}
static void __exit lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&chip_demo_gpio_driver);
}
module_init(chip_demo_gpio_drv_init);
module_exit(lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile
# 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
# 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
# 2.1 ARCH, 比如: export ARCH=arm64
# 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# 2.3 PATH, 比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin
# 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
# 请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册
KERN_DIR = /home/book/dzz/100ask_imx6ull-sdk/Linux-4.9.88
all:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o ledtest ledtest.c
clean:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
rm -rf modules.order
rm -f ledtest
# 参考内核源码drivers/char/ipmi/Makefile
# 要想把a.c, b.c编译成ab.ko, 可以这样指定:
# ab-y := a.o b.o
# obj-m += ab.o
obj-m += leddrv.o chip_demo_gpio.o board_A_led.o
运行结果如下