Python SMTP发送邮件

SMTP：
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。

python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。

1.Python发送 SMTP 简单示例如下：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import datetime
import logging

FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT, level=logging.INFO)

def get_today():
    h=datetime.datetime.now()
    today=h.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")    
    return today

class MailSend:
    def __init__(self):       
        self.mail_host = "smtp.qq.com"  #设置邮件服务器
        self.mail_user="1xxxxxx@qq.com" #sftp账号（邮箱账号)
        self.mail_pass="fobbaybdxxxxx" #密码
        
        self.sender="1xxxxxxx@qq.com"  #发件人
        self.receivers=['1xxxxxxx@qq.com'] #收件人列表
        
    def send(self,subject,content): #传参：邮件主题和邮件正文内容
        message = MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8') #邮件正文内容
        message['From'] = Header('发件人','utf-8') #发件人昵称
        message['To'] = Header('收件人','utf-8') #收件人昵称
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8') #邮件主题
        
        try:     
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mail_host,465) # 465为QQ邮箱ssl端口号
            server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass) #登录
            server.sendmail(self.sender,self.receivers,message.as_string())  #发送邮件
            server.quit()#关闭链接
            logging.info("邮件发送成功")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.info("邮件发送失败，失败原因为：{}".format(e))
        

if __name__=="__main__":
    mail_qq = MailSend()
    subject="这是一封测试邮件"
    today_data=get_today()
    content="今天是 {} ，{}。".format(today_data,subject)
    logging.info(content)
    mail_qq.send(subject,content)

2.使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件
Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText 中 _subtype 设置为html。示例如下：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import logging

FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT, level=logging.INFO)

class MailSend:
    def __init__(self):       
        self.mail_host = "smtp.qq.com"  #设置邮件服务器
        self.mail_user="1xxxxxx@qq.com" #sftp账号（邮箱账号)
        self.mail_pass="fobbaybdxxxxx" #密码
        
        self.sender="1xxxxxxx@qq.com"  #发件人
        self.receivers=['1xxxxxxx@qq.com'] #收件人列表
        
    def send(self,subject,content): #传参：邮件主题和邮件正文内容
        message = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8') #邮件正文内容
        message['From'] = Header('发件人','utf-8') #发件人昵称
        message['To'] = Header("收件人",'utf-8') #收件人昵称
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8') #邮件主题
            
        try:   
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mail_host,465) # 465为QQ邮箱ssl端口号
            server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass) #登录
            server.sendmail(self.sender,self.receivers,message.as_string())  #发送邮件
            server.quit()#关闭链接
            logging.info("邮件发送成功")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.info("邮件发送失败，失败原因为：{}".format(e))
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    mail_qq = MailSend()
    subject="这是一封测试邮件"
    content = """
            <p>Python 邮件发送测试</p>
            <p><a href="http://www.baidu.com">这是一个百度链接</a></p>
            """
    logging.info(content)
    mail_qq.send(subject,content)

3.使用python发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建 MIMEMultipart() 实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后发送。

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
import logging

FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT, level=logging.INFO)


class MailSend:
    def __init__(self):       
        self.mail_host = "smtp.qq.com"  #设置邮件服务器
        self.mail_user="1xxxxxx@qq.com" #sftp账号（邮箱账号)
        self.mail_pass="fobbaybdxxxxx" #密码
        
        self.sender="1xxxxxx@qq.com"  #发件人
        self.receivers=['1xxxxxx@qq.com'] #收件人列表
    
    def addAttach(self,filename): #构造附件，filename为要发送的文件名
        att = MIMEText(open(filename,'rb').read(),'base64','utf-8')
        att['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
        att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename={}'.format(filename.split('/')[-1]) #邮件中附件显示的文件名
        return att
    
    def send(self,subject,content,*args): #主题、内容、附件（可以有多个）
        message = MIMEMultipart() #创建一个带附件的示例
        message['From'] = Header('发件人','utf-8') #发件人昵称
        message['To'] = Header("收件人",'utf-8') #收件人昵称
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8') #邮件主题
        message.attach(MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8')) #邮件正文内容
        #添加附件
        for att in args:
            message.attach(att)   
            
        try:    
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mail_host,465) # 465为QQ邮箱ssl端口号
            server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass) #登录
            server.sendmail(self.sender,self.receivers,message.as_string())  #发送邮件
            server.quit()#关闭链接
            
            logging.info("邮件发送成功")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.info("邮件发送失败，失败原因为：{}".format(e))
        

if __name__=="__main__":
    mail_qq = MailSend()
    subject="这是一封测试邮件"
    att1 = mail_qq.addAttach('a.txt') #附件1为 a.txt文件
    att2 = mail_qq.addAttach('a.log') #附件2为 a.log文件
    content = "这是一个附件邮件，详情见附件..."
    logging.info(content)
    mail_qq.send(subject,content,att1,att2) #发送两个附件