【FutureTask简单介绍】

FutureTask

ThreadPoolExecutor线程池submit提交任务返回一个Future对象,实际是FutureTask
Future 接口的get方法具有阻塞特性
我们从源码角度来了解下

---

任务状态：

private static final int NEW          = 0; //任务新建和执行中
private static final int COMPLETING   = 1; //任务将要执行完毕
private static final int NORMAL       = 2; //任务正常执行结束
private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3; //任务异常
private static final int CANCELLED    = 4; //任务取消
private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5; //任务线程即将被中断
private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6; //任务线程已中断

WaiteNode

static final class WaitNode {
        volatile Thread thread;
        volatile WaitNode next;
        WaitNode() { thread = Thread.currentThread(); }
    }
WaitNode是一个链表结构，多个线程调用Future Get方法时都会阻塞，添加到这个等待列表

get方法：

   public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        int s = state;
        if (s <= COMPLETING)
            s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
        return report(s);
    }

获取任务状态，如果任务未完成，调用awaitDone方法
任务完成(包括取消) 调用report方法

report方法：

 private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
        Object x = outcome;
        if (s == NORMAL)
            return (V)x;
        if (s >= CANCELLED)
            throw new CancellationException();
        throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
    }

任务正常处理完返回处理结果(outcome )

awaitDone方法

任务未完成时调用这个方法，会阻塞

   private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
        WaitNode q = null;
        boolean queued = false;
        for (;;) {
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {// @1
                removeWaiter(q);
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int s = state;
            if (s > COMPLETING) {//@2
                if (q != null)
                    q.thread = null;
                return s;
            }
            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
                Thread.yield();//@3
            else if (q == null)
                q = new WaitNode();//@4
            else if (!queued)
                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
                                                     q.next = waiters, q); //@5
            else if (timed) {// @6
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanos <= 0L) {
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    return state;
                }
                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
            }
            else //@7
                LockSupport.park(this);
        }
    }

现在来分析下这块代码

1. 处理线程中断，从等待队列中删除当前线程
2. 任务已完成直接返回
3. COMPLETING 状态 线程让出一定CPU时间
4. 创建一个WaitNode
5. 将刚创建的WaitNode添加到等待列表中（这里注意下compareAndSwapObject方法，有4个参数分别是对象，对象要比较的属性的偏移量，期望值 expec，要更新成为的值 update，如果对象的属性值与期望值expect一样，则更新属性的值为update并返回true
   ）waitersOffset就是FutureTask waiters的地址，所以，这个方法一般都是成功的，触发别的线程get方法先改掉了，这里形成的就是一个链表
6. 如果有超时设置锁定一段时间
7. 锁定一段时间
   锁定后当前线程就会阻塞，等同FutureTask任务完成后，唤醒线程

run方法

线程池将将任务提交后，最终执行的是FutureTask的run方法

  public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

成功执行完后 调用set方法将结果赋值给outcome变量，解除阻塞后get方法就能获取到值了

 protected void set(V v) {
        if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
            outcome = v;
            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
            finishCompletion();
        }
    }

CAS改变任务状态

private void finishCompletion() {
        // assert state > COMPLETING;
        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
                for (;;) {
                    Thread t = q.thread;
                    if (t != null) {
                        q.thread = null;
                        LockSupport.unpark(t);
                    }
                    WaitNode next = q.next;
                    if (next == null)
                        break;
                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                    q = next;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        done();

        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
    }

这里遍历队列，调用LockSupport.unpark 解除阻塞的线程