COM技术

    首先，COM（组件对象模型）技术是一种规范，它解释了如何建立可动态互变组件的规范，这个规范提供了为了保证能够互操作，客户和组件应当遵循的一些二进制和网络标准。（摘自百度百科）

    说白了，COM的精髓在于：组件，它让大规模软件开发更容易模块化了。模块化的好处，更容易开发，更容易维护。

对于COM技术，要整体学习的话是一段很长的路，本身包含的东西很多，又难理解。

有关COM的一些讨论见这个贴子：COM技术讨论  里面有很多强大的东西。

这里给出一个COM技术的微型实现  AddRef，Release，QueryInterface这三个组成COM的东西

程序来自《windows游戏编程大师技巧〉

// DEMO5_1.CPP - A ultra minimal working COM example
// NOTE: not fully COM compliant

// INCLUDES //

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <objbase.h> // note: you must include this header it contains important constants
                     // you must use in COM programs
using namespace std;

// GUIDS /

// these were all generated with GUIDGEN.EXE

// {B9B8ACE1-CE14-11d0-AE58-444553540000}
const IID IID_IX = 
{ 0xb9b8ace1, 0xce14, 0x11d0, { 0xae, 0x58, 0x44, 0x45, 0x53, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0 } };


// {B9B8ACE2-CE14-11d0-AE58-444553540000}
const IID IID_IY = 
{ 0xb9b8ace2, 0xce14, 0x11d0, { 0xae, 0x58, 0x44, 0x45, 0x53, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0 } };

// {B9B8ACE3-CE14-11d0-AE58-444553540000}
const IID IID_IZ = 
{ 0xb9b8ace3, 0xce14, 0x11d0, { 0xae, 0x58, 0x44, 0x45, 0x53, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0 } };


// INTERFACES 

// define the IX interface
interface IX: IUnknown
{

virtual void __stdcall fx(void)=0;

}; 

// define the IY interface
interface IY: IUnknown
{

virtual void __stdcall fy(void)=0;

}; 


// CLASSES AND COMPONENTS ///

// define the COM object
class CCOM_OBJECT :	public IX,
                    public IY
{
public:

	CCOM_OBJECT() : ref_count(0) {}
	~CCOM_OBJECT() {}

private:

virtual HRESULT __stdcall QueryInterface(const IID &iid, void **iface);
virtual ULONG __stdcall AddRef();
virtual ULONG __stdcall Release();

virtual	void __stdcall fx(void) {cout << "Function fx has been called." << endl; }
virtual void __stdcall fy(void) {cout << "Function fy has been called." << endl; }

int ref_count;

};

// CLASS METHODS 

HRESULT __stdcall CCOM_OBJECT::QueryInterface(const IID &iid, void **iface)
{
// this function basically casts the this pointer or the Iunknown
// pointer into the interface requested, notice the comparison with
// the GUIDs generated and defined in the begining of the program

// requesting the IUnknown base interface
if (iid==IID_IUnknown)
	{
	cout << "Requesting IUnknown interface" << endl;
	*iface = (IX*)this;
	
	} // end if

// maybe IX?
if (iid==IID_IX)
	{
	cout << "Requesting IX interface" << endl;
	*iface = (IX*)this;

	} // end if
else  // maybe IY
if (iid==IID_IY)
	{
	cout << "Requesting IY interface" << endl;
	*iface = (IY*)this;

	} // end if
else
	{ // cant find it!
	cout << "Requesting unknown interaface!" << endl;
	*iface = NULL;
	return(E_NOINTERFACE);
	} // end else

// if everything went well cast pointer to IUnknown and call addref()
((IUnknown *)(*iface))->AddRef();

return(S_OK);

} // end QueryInterface



ULONG __stdcall CCOM_OBJECT::AddRef()
{
// increments reference count
cout << "Adding a reference" << endl;
return(++ref_count);

} // end AddRef

///

ULONG __stdcall CCOM_OBJECT::Release()
{
// decrements reference count
cout << "Deleting a reference" << endl;
if (--ref_count==0)
	{
	delete this;
	return(0);
	} // end if
else
	return(ref_count);

} // end Release

///

IUnknown *CoCreateInstance(void)
{
// this is a very basic implementation of CoCreateInstance()
// it creates an instance of the COM object, in this case
// I decided to start with a pointer to IX -- IY would have
// done just as well

IUnknown *comm_obj = (IX *)new(CCOM_OBJECT);

cout << "Creating Comm object" << endl;

// update reference count
comm_obj->AddRef();

return(comm_obj);

} // end CoCreateInstance

///

void main(void)
{

// create the main COM object
IUnknown *punknown = CoCreateInstance();

// create two NULL pointers the the IX and IY interfaces
IX *pix=NULL;
IY *piy=NULL;

// from the original COM object query for interface IX
punknown->QueryInterface(IID_IX, (void **)&pix);

// try some of the methods of IX
pix->fx();

// release the interface
pix->Release();


// now query for the IY interface
punknown->QueryInterface(IID_IY, (void **)&piy);

// try some of the methods
piy->fy();

// release the interface
piy->Release();

// release the COM object itself
punknown->Release();

} // end main

有注释比较容易懂。

COM技术现在并不是特别火热，但是MS从操作系统到各种软件无不是基于COM的，对于windows平台的软件开发，学习COM是比要的路

还有这句话很经典：一个技术可能过时，但一种理念不大会过时，只不过换了马甲罢了

思想才是最重要的。

文章最重要的部分是那个贴子的链接。