C++bool,char,int,long,float,double取值范围以及存储形式

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已于 2023-03-23 21:09:54 修改

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分类专栏： C/C++程序设计教程文章标签： c++ 开发语言 Powered by 金山文档

于 2023-03-23 21:00:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/d704791892/article/details/129732539

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计算机由逻辑电路组成，而逻辑电路通常只有两种状态，即开关的断开与接通，刚好可以表示成 0 和 1，所以计算机只能存储二进制数据。为了设计简单，计算机只设计了加法寄存器，计算机只能进行加法操作，通过补码的形式可以将减法转换为加法操作，所以数据在计算机内存中是以补码的形式存储的

一、C++基本数据类型

以下是在64位计算机中，g++编译器，x86_64构架下测试

类型	字节数	取值范围
bool	1	false(0) , true(1)
char（signed char）	1	-(2^7) 到 (2^7)-1
unsigned char	1	0 到 (2^8)-1
short（signed short）	2	-(2^15) 到 (2^15)-1
short int（signed short int）	2	-(2^15) 到 (2^15)-1
unsigned short（unsigned short int）	2	0 到 (2^16)-1
int（signed int）	4	-(2^31) 到 (2^31)-1
unsigned int	4	0 到 (2^32)-1
long（signed long）	8	-(2^63) 到 (2^63)-1
unsigned long	8	0 到 (2^64)-1
long int（signed long int）	8	-(2^31) 到 (2^31)-1
unsigned long int	8	0 到 (2^64)-1
long long（signed long long）	8	-(2^31) 到 (2^31)-1
unsigned long long	8	0 到 (2^64)-1
float	4	1.175494351e-38F 到 3.402823466e+38F
double	8	2.22507e-308 到 1.79769e+308
long double	16	2.22507e-308 到 1.79769e+308

data_type.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <float.h>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    cout << "bool = " << sizeof(bool) << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "char = " << sizeof(char) << endl;
    cout << "signed char = " << sizeof(signed char) << endl;
    cout << "SCHAR_MIN = " << SCHAR_MIN << endl;
    cout << "SCHAR_MAX = " << SCHAR_MAX << endl;
    cout << "unsigned char = " << sizeof(unsigned char) << endl;
    cout << "UCHAR_MAX = " << UCHAR_MAX << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "short = " << sizeof(short) << endl;
    cout << "signed short = " << sizeof(signed short) << endl;
    cout << "short int = " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
    cout << "signed short int = " << sizeof(signed short int) << endl;
    cout << "SHRT_MIN = " << SHRT_MIN << endl;
    cout << "SHRT_MAX = " << SHRT_MAX << endl;
    cout << "unsigned short = " << sizeof(unsigned short) << endl;
    cout << "unsigned short int = " << sizeof(unsigned short int) << endl;
    cout << "USHRT_MAX = " << USHRT_MAX << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "int = " << sizeof(int) << endl;
    cout << "signed int = " << sizeof(signed int) << endl;
    cout << "INT_MIN = " << INT_MIN << endl;
    cout << "INT_MAX = " << INT_MAX << endl;
    cout << "unsigned int = " << sizeof(unsigned int) << endl;
    cout << "UINT_MAX = " << UINT_MAX << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "long = " << sizeof(long) << endl;
    cout << "signed long = " << sizeof(signed long) << endl;
    cout << "LONG_MIN = " << LONG_MIN << endl;
    cout << "LONG_MAX = " << LONG_MAX << endl;
    cout << "unsigned long = " << sizeof(unsigned long) << endl;
    cout << "ULONG_MAX = " << ULONG_MAX << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "long int = " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
    cout << "signed long int = " << sizeof(signed long int) << endl;
    cout << "unsigned long int = " << sizeof(unsigned long int) << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "long long = " << sizeof(long long) << endl;
    cout << "signed long long = " << sizeof(signed long long) << endl;
    cout << "LLONG_MIN = " << LLONG_MIN << endl;
    cout << "LLONG_MAX = " << LLONG_MAX << endl;
    cout << "unsigned long long = " << sizeof(unsigned long long) << endl;
    cout << "ULLONG_MAX = " << ULLONG_MAX << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "float = " << sizeof(float) << endl;
    cout << "FLT_MIN = " << FLT_MIN << endl;
    cout << "FLT_MAX = " << FLT_MAX << endl;    
    cout << endl;

    cout << "double = " << sizeof(double) << endl;
    cout << "DBL_MIN = " << DBL_MIN << endl;
    cout << "DBL_MAX = " << DBL_MAX << endl;    
    cout << endl;

    cout << "long double = " << sizeof(long double) << endl;
    cout << "LDBL_MIN = " << DBL_MIN << endl;
    cout << "LDBL_MAX = " << DBL_MAX << endl;    
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

bool = 1

char = 1
signed char = 1
SCHAR_MIN = -128
SCHAR_MAX = 127
unsigned char = 1
UCHAR_MAX = 255

short = 2
signed short = 2
short int = 2
signed short int = 2
SHRT_MIN = -32768
SHRT_MAX = 32767
unsigned short = 2
unsigned short int = 2
USHRT_MAX = 65535

int = 4
signed int = 4
INT_MIN = -2147483648
INT_MAX = 2147483647
unsigned int = 4
UINT_MAX = 4294967295

long = 8
signed long = 8
LONG_MIN = -9223372036854775808
LONG_MAX = 9223372036854775807
unsigned long = 8
ULONG_MAX = 18446744073709551615

long int = 8
signed long int = 8
unsigned long int = 8

long long = 8
signed long long = 8
LLONG_MIN = -9223372036854775808
LLONG_MAX = 9223372036854775807
unsigned long long = 8
ULLONG_MAX = 18446744073709551615

float = 4
FLT_MIN = 1.17549e-38
FLT_MAX = 3.40282e+38

double = 8
DBL_MIN = 2.22507e-308
DBL_MAX = 1.79769e+308

long double = 16
LDBL_MIN = 2.22507e-308
LDBL_MAX = 1.79769e+308

C++中，bool类型的取值是这么定义的

enum {
    false    = 0,
    true    = 1
};

data_type.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    bool b = false;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    b = true;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    cout << "sizeof(bool) = " << sizeof(bool) << endl;

    return 0;
}

二、计算机基础知识

机器数

机器数就是数据在计算机中的二进制表示形式。机器数是带符号的，在计算机中用二进制数的最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。

例如：32位计算机中，十进制数

5 的二进制表示形式（机器数）为：00000000,00000000,00000000,00000111
-5 的二进制表示形式（机器数）为：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000111

真值

真值就是真正的值。将带符号位的机器数对应的真正数值称为机器数的真值。即最高位用 ± 表示数字的正负，其余为二进制数。

例如：32位计算机中，十进制数

5 的真值为：+0000000,00000000,00000000,00000111
-5 的真值为：-0000000,00000000,00000000,00000111

原码

原码就是机器数，即用最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。, 其余位表示值。

例如：32位计算机中，十进制数

5 的原码为：00000000,00000000,00000000,00000111
-5 的原码为：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000111

反码

正数的反码就是它的原码

负数的反码是在其原码的基础上, 符号位不变，其余各个位取反

例如：32位计算机中，十进制数

5 的反码为：00000000,00000000,00000000,00000111
-5 的反码为：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111000

补码

正数的补码就是它的原码

负数的补码是它的反码加1

例如：32位计算机中，十进制数

5 的反码为：00000000,00000000,00000000,00000111
-5 的反码为：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111001

三、总结

C++基本数据类型包括bool、char、int、long、float、double、long double等。数据在计算机内存中是以补码的形式存储的。

机器数就是数据在计算机中的二进制表示形式。机器数是带符号的，在计算机中用二进制数的最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。原码就是机器数，即用最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。, 其余位表示值。正数的反码就是它的原码，负数的反码是在其原码的基础上, 符号位不变，其余各个位取反。正数的补码就是它的原码，负数的补码是它的反码加1。

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C++bool,char,int,long,float,double取值范围以及存储形式

C++基本数据类型包括bool、char、int、long、float、double、long double等。数据在计算机内存中是以补码的形式存储的。机器数就是数据在计算机中的二进制表示形式。机器数是带符号的，在计算机中用二进制数的最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。原码就是机器数，即用最高位存放符号, 正数为0, 负数为1。, 其余位表示值。正数的反码就是它的原码，负数的反码是在其原码的基础上, 符号位不变，其余各个位取反。正数的补码就是它的原码，负数的补码是它的反码加1。
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