感谢B站黑马程序员！有兴趣的可以去B站详细学习！
黑马程序员匠心之作|C++教程从0到1入门编程,学习编程不再难_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
通讯录是一个可以记录亲人、好友信息的工具。本教程主要利用C++来实现一个通讯录管理系统系统中需要实现的功能如下:
·添加联系人:向通讯录中添加新人，信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址）最多记录100人
·显示联系人:显示通讯录中所有联系人信息
·删除联系人:按照姓名进行删除指定联系人
·查找联系人:按照姓名查看指定联系人信息修改联系人:按照姓名重新修改指定联系人
·清空联系人:清空通讯录中所有信息
·退出通讯录:退出当前使用的通讯录
1、创建结构体：我们需要实现对人信息的记录，所以应该创建一个对人信息储存的结构体、在一个通讯录结构体储存信息，需要嵌套存储信息的结构体，并有一个整数型的数据用来记录人数。代码如下：
struct Person
{
string p_name;
int p_sex;
int p_age;
string p_phone;
string p_addr;
};
struct addrbooks
{
struct Person personarr[max];
int p_size;
};
2、功能实现：添加联系人。
在此中，可能难点就在于这一串代码的理解： abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_name = name;abs为addrbooks的结构体指针，想要访问结构体中的函数就需要用到->符号，后面的p_name为嵌套结构体中的成员变量，用“.”访问，代码我理解的意思就是abs这个指针指向addrbooks这里面嵌套的personarr[]这个结构体数组中的p_name，括号里面为此结构体数组中的第几个。
代码如下：
void addperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->p_size == max)
{
cout << "通讯录已满" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
string name;
cout << "请输入需要添加人的姓名： " << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_name = name;
cout << "请输入性别：" << endl;
cout << "1---男 " << endl;
cout << "2---女 " << endl;
int sex = 0;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
}
cout << "请输入年龄：" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_age = age;
cout << "请输入联系电话：" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << endl;
string addr;
cin >> addr;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_addr = addr;
abs->p_size++;
cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
}
3、功能实现：显示联系人：
没什么难度，就是依次打印结构体数组中的元素：
void showperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->p_size == 0)
{
cout << "您还未添加联系人！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personarr[i].p_name
<< " 性别：" << (abs->personarr[i].p_sex ==1 ? "男":"女")
<< " 年龄：" << abs->personarr[i].p_age
<< " 电话：" << abs->personarr[i].p_phone
<< " 地址：" << abs->personarr[i].p_addr << endl;
}
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
}
4、功能实现：删除联系人：
创建一个查找类的函数，用来输入姓名查找结构体数组中是否有这个姓名的函数，有就返回数组下标，没有返回-1：
int isexit(addrbooks* abs, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
if (abs->personarr[i].p_name == name)
{
return i;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
}
删除联系人的操作是：通过查找类函数记录所包含姓名的结构体数组的下标（返回的i的值），后面的数据元素全都向前移动一位（我的理解就是查到位置后，后面的都向前覆盖一位）：
void deleteperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "输入你需要删除的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
for (int i = res; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
//删除操作为数据前移
abs->personarr[i] = abs->personarr[i + 1];
}
abs->p_size--;
cout << "删除成功！";
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
5、功能实现：查找联系人：
调用上面的查找类函数，查到此人记录下标再输出就行了：
void findperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "输入需要查找的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res=isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personarr[res].p_name
<< " 性别：" << (abs->personarr[res].p_sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
<< " 年龄：" << abs->personarr[res].p_age
<< " 电话：" << abs->personarr[res].p_phone
<< " 地址：" << abs->personarr[res].p_addr << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
cleanscreen();
}
6、功能实现：修改联系人：
继续调用上的查找类函数，查到后记录下标修改这个下标的数据就行了，相当于重新添加联系人：
void modifyperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要修改人的姓名：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
string name;
cout << "姓名：" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personarr[res].p_name = name;
cout << "请输入性别：" << endl;
cout << "1---男 " << endl;
cout << "2---女 " << endl;
int sex = 0;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personarr[res].p_sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
}
cout << "请输入年龄：" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personarr[res].p_age = age;
cout << "请输入联系电话：" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personarr[res].p_phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << endl;
string addr;
cin >> addr;
abs->personarr[res].p_addr = addr;
cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
}
7、功能实现：清空联系人：
就是把结构体数组下标归零就完成了：
void clearbooks(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "你是否真的要清空通讯录吗？？？" << endl;
int res;
cout << "1、清空！" << endl;
cout << "2、返回！" << endl;
cin >> res;
if (res == 1)
{
abs->p_size = 0;
cout << "清空通讯录成功！" << endl;
cleanscreen();
}
else
{
cout << "返回成功" << endl;
cleanscreen();
}
}
下面，完整代码奉上，复制粘贴运行就行：
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define max 100
struct Person
{
string p_name;
int p_sex;
int p_age;
string p_phone;
string p_addr;
};
struct addrbooks
{
struct Person personarr[max];
int p_size;
};
void addperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->p_size == max)
{
cout << "通讯录已满" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
string name;
cout << "请输入需要添加人的姓名： " << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_name = name;
cout << "请输入性别：" << endl;
cout << "1---男 " << endl;
cout << "2---女 " << endl;
int sex = 0;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
}
cout << "请输入年龄：" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_age = age;
cout << "请输入联系电话：" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << endl;
string addr;
cin >> addr;
abs->personarr[abs->p_size].p_addr = addr;
abs->p_size++;
cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
}
void showperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->p_size == 0)
{
cout << "您还未添加联系人！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personarr[i].p_name
<< " 性别：" << (abs->personarr[i].p_sex ==1 ? "男":"女")
<< " 年龄：" << abs->personarr[i].p_age
<< " 电话：" << abs->personarr[i].p_phone
<< " 地址：" << abs->personarr[i].p_addr << endl;
}
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
}
int isexit(addrbooks* abs, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
if (abs->personarr[i].p_name == name)
{
return i;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
}
void deleteperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "输入你需要删除的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
for (int i = res; i < abs->p_size; i++)
{
//删除操作为数据前移
abs->personarr[i] = abs->personarr[i + 1];
}
abs->p_size--;
cout << "删除成功！";
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
void cleanscreen()
{
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void findperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "输入需要查找的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res=isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personarr[res].p_name
<< " 性别：" << (abs->personarr[res].p_sex == 1 ? "男" : "女")
<< " 年龄：" << abs->personarr[res].p_age
<< " 电话：" << abs->personarr[res].p_phone
<< " 地址：" << abs->personarr[res].p_addr << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
cleanscreen();
}
void modifyperson(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要修改人的姓名：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isexit(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
string name;
cout << "姓名：" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personarr[res].p_name = name;
cout << "请输入性别：" << endl;
cout << "1---男 " << endl;
cout << "2---女 " << endl;
int sex = 0;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personarr[res].p_sex = sex;
break;
}
cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
}
cout << "请输入年龄：" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personarr[res].p_age = age;
cout << "请输入联系电话：" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->personarr[res].p_phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址：" << endl;
string addr;
cin >> addr;
abs->personarr[res].p_addr = addr;
cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
system("pause");//任意键继续
system("cls");//清屏
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人！" << endl;
}
}
void clearbooks(addrbooks* abs)
{
cout << "你是否真的要清空通讯录吗？？？" << endl;
int res;
cout << "1、清空！" << endl;
cout << "2、返回！" << endl;
cin >> res;
if (res == 1)
{
abs->p_size = 0;
cout << "清空通讯录成功！" << endl;
cleanscreen();
}
else
{
cout << "返回成功" << endl;
cleanscreen();
}
}
void showMenu()
{
cout << "***************************" << endl;
cout << "***** 1、添加联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 2、显示联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 3、删除联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 4、查找联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 5、修改联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 6、清空联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 7、清屏 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 0、退出联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***************************" << endl;
}
int main()
{
addrbooks abs;
abs.p_size = 0;
int select = 0;
while (true)
{
showMenu();
cin >> select;
switch (select)
{
case 1:
addperson(&abs);
break;
case 2:
showperson(&abs);
break;
case 3:
deleteperson(&abs);
break;
case 4:
findperson(&abs);
break;
case 5:
modifyperson(&abs);
break;
case 6:
clearbooks(&abs);
break;
case 7:
cleanscreen();
break;
case 0:
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
友情提醒：
如果是课程作业，不是马上就要交了，建议看老师的视频，代码边看视频边自己敲，半天就完成了！收获远比复制粘贴大得多，如果时间宽裕有三天以上，不要以为没救了，老师的视频三天绝对能够拯救你，我三天打鱼两天晒网的一周感觉比一学期都学得多！老师讲的特别好！
4854
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
