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黑马程序员匠心之作|C++教程从0到1入门编程,学习编程不再难_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
多态的好处:可能在短期的代码量可能会多一点,但是会使整个项目的代码更加的有扩展性,在追加新的代码功能时,不会更改原有的代码,会使得代码结构更加的清晰。
案例分析:
worker类作为抽象的父类:
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
class Worker
{
public:
//个人信息:
virtual void showinfo() = 0;
//岗位名称
virtual string getdeptname() = 0;
int m_id;
string m_name;
int m_deptid;
};
创建员工类,继承抽象父类,同样创建经理类与老板类:
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "worker.h"
class employee : public Worker
{
public:
employee(int id,string name,int did);
virtual void showinfo();
virtual string getdeptname();
};
//****************
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "worker.h"
class Manager :public Worker
{
public:
Manager(int id, string name, int did);
virtual void showinfo();
virtual string getdeptname();
};
//**************
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "worker.h"
class Boss : public Worker
{
public:
Boss(int id, string name, int did);
virtual void showinfo();
virtual string getdeptname();
};
在cpp中继承并实现显示与返回:
#include "employee.h"
employee::employee(int id, string name, int did)
{
this->m_id = id;
this->m_name = name;
this->m_deptid = did;
}
void employee::showinfo()
{
cout << "职工编号: " << this->m_id
<< "\t职工姓名: " << this->m_name
<< "\t职工岗位: " << this->getdeptname()
<< "\t岗位职责:完成经理交给的任务!" << endl;
}
string employee::getdeptname()
{
return string("员工");
}
//**********************************
#include "manager.h"
Manager::Manager(int id, string name, int did)
{
this->m_id = id;
this->m_name = name;
this->m_deptid = did;
}
void Manager::showinfo()
{
cout << "职工编号: " << this->m_id
<< "\t职工姓名: " << this->m_name
<< "\t职工岗位: " << this->getdeptname()
<< "\t岗位职责:完成总裁交给的任务,并发任务给员工!" << endl;
}
string Manager::getdeptname()
{
return string("经理");
}
//************************
#include "boss.h"
Boss::Boss(int id, string name, int did)
{
this->m_id = id;
this->m_name = name;
this->m_deptid = did;
}
void Boss::showinfo()
{
cout << "职工编号: " << this->m_id
<< "\t职工姓名: " << this->m_name
<< "\t职工岗位: " << this->getdeptname()
<< "\t岗位职责:管理公司!" << endl;
}
string Boss::getdeptname()
{
return string("总裁");
}
对Worker** n_EmpArray;的理解:
我们需要一个指针数组来接收记录所创建的职工,并用二级指针去维护数组
在头文件中声明,在cpp中实现功能:
#pragma once //防止头文件重复包含
#include <iostream> // 包含输入输出流的头文件
using namespace std; //使用标准的命名空间
#include "worker.h"
#include "employee.h"
#include "manager.h"
#include "boss.h"
#include <fstream>
#define FILENAME "empFile.txt"
class WorkerManager
{
public:
WorkerManager();
void Show_Menu();
void exitsystem();
int n_Empnum;
Worker** n_EmpArray;
void add_Emp();//添加返回职工
void save();
bool n_fileisempty;
int get_EmpNum();
void init_Emp();
void show_Emp();
int IsExist(int id);
void Del_Emp();
void Mod_Emp();
void find_Emp();
void sort_Emp();
void Clean_File();
~WorkerManager();
};
实现功能:
#include "workerManager.h"
WorkerManager::WorkerManager()
{
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
if (!ifs.is_open())
{
//cout << "文件不存在!!!" << endl;
this->n_Empnum = 0;
this->n_fileisempty = true;
this->n_EmpArray = NULL;
ifs.close();
return;
}
char ch;
ifs >> ch;
if (ifs.eof())
{
//cout << "文件为空!!!" << endl;
this->n_Empnum = 0;
this->n_fileisempty = true;
this->n_EmpArray = NULL;
ifs.close();
return;
}
//文件存在:
int num = this->get_EmpNum();
cout << "职工人数为:" << num << endl;
this->n_Empnum = num;
this->n_EmpArray = new Worker * [this->n_Empnum];
this->init_Emp();
/*for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
cout << "职工编号: " << this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_id
<< " 姓名: " << this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_name
<< " 部门编号: " << this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_deptid << endl;
}*/
}
void WorkerManager::Show_Menu()
{
cout << "*****************************************" << endl;
cout << "******** 欢迎使用职工管理系统 *********" << endl;
cout << "******** 0:退出管理系统 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 1:增加员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 2:显示员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 3:删除员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 4:修改员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 5:查找员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 6:按照编号排序 ************" << endl;
cout << "******** 7:清空员工信息 ************" << endl;
cout << "*****************************************" << endl;
cout << endl;
}
void WorkerManager::exitsystem()
{
cout << "欢迎下次使用!!" << endl;
system("pause");
exit(0);
}
void WorkerManager::add_Emp()
{
cout << "请输入添加人的数量:" << endl;
int addnum = 0;
cin >> addnum;
if (addnum > 0)
{
int newsize = this->n_Empnum + addnum;
Worker ** newspace = new Worker* [newsize];
if (this->n_EmpArray != NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
newspace[i] = this->n_EmpArray[i];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < addnum; i++)
{
int id;
string name;
int dSelect;
cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个新职工的编号: " << endl;
cin >> id;
cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个新职工的姓名: " << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个新职工的岗位:" << endl;
cout << "1、普通员工" << endl;
cout << "2、经理" << endl;
cout << "3、老板" << endl;
cin >> dSelect;
Worker* worker = NULL;
switch(dSelect)
{
case 1:
worker = new employee(id, name, 1);
break;
case 2:
worker = new Manager(id, name, 2);
break;
case 3:
worker = new Boss(id, name, 3);
break;
default:
break;
}
newspace[this->n_Empnum + i] = worker;
}
delete[] this->n_EmpArray;
this->n_EmpArray = newspace;
this->n_Empnum = newsize;
this->n_fileisempty = false;
cout << "成功添加" << addnum << "名新职工" << endl;
this->save();
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void WorkerManager::save()
{
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open(FILENAME, ios::out);
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
ofs << this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_id << " "
<< this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_name << " "
<< this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_deptid << endl;
}
ofs.close();
}
int WorkerManager::get_EmpNum()
{
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
int id;
string name;
int did;
int num = 0;
while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> did)
{
num++;
}
return num;
}
void WorkerManager::init_Emp()
{
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
int id;
string name;
int did;
int index = 0;
while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> did)
{
Worker* worker = NULL;
if (did == 1)
{
worker = new employee(id, name, did);
}
else if (did == 2)
{
worker = new Manager(id, name, did);
}
else
{
worker = new Boss(id, name, did);
}
this->n_EmpArray[index] = worker;
index++;
}
ifs.close();
}
void WorkerManager::show_Emp()
{
if (this->n_fileisempty)
{
cout << "文件不存在或者无记录!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
this->n_EmpArray[i]->showinfo();
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
int WorkerManager::IsExist(int id)
{
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < n_EmpArray[i]->m_id; i++)
{
if (this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_id == id)
{
index = i;
break;
}
}
return index;
}
void WorkerManager::Del_Emp()
{
if (this->n_fileisempty)
{
cout << "职工不存在!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入想要删除职工的编号:" << endl;
int id = 0;
cin >> id;
int index = this->IsExist(id);
if (index != -1)
{
for (int i = index; i < this->n_Empnum - 1; i++)
{
this->n_EmpArray[i] = this->n_EmpArray[i + 1];
}
this->n_Empnum--;
this->save();
cout << "删除成功!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "删除失败,没有找到该编号的员工!!" << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void WorkerManager::Mod_Emp()
{
if (this->n_fileisempty)
{
cout << "文件不存在或记录为空!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入修改职工编号:" << endl;
int id;
cin >> id;
int res = this->IsExist(id);
if (res != -1)
{
delete this->n_EmpArray[res];
int newid = 0;
string newname = "";
int newdid = 0;
cout << "查到:" << id << "号职工,请输入新职工号:" << endl;
cin >> newid;
cout << "请输入新姓名:" << endl;
cin >> newname;
cout << "请输入岗位:" << endl;
cout << "1、普通员工" << endl;
cout << "2、经理" << endl;
cout << "3、老板" << endl;
cin >> newdid;
Worker* worker = NULL;
switch (newdid)
{
case 1:
worker = new employee(newid,newname,newdid);
break;
case 2:
worker = new Manager(newid, newname, newdid);
break;
case 3:
worker = new Boss(newid, newname, newdid);
break;
default:
break;
}
this->n_EmpArray[res] = worker;
cout << "修改成功!!!" << endl;
this->save();
}
else
{
cout << "修改失败,查无此人!!!" << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void WorkerManager::find_Emp()
{
if (this->n_fileisempty)
{
cout << "文件不存在或记录为空!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入查找的方式:" << endl;
cout << "1、按照职工编号进行查找" << endl;
cout << "2、按照职工姓名进行查找" << endl;
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
int id;
cout << "请输入查找的职工编号: " << endl;
cin >> id;
int res = IsExist(id);
if (res != -1)
{
cout << "查找成功!!!该职工信息如下:" << endl;
this->n_EmpArray[res]->showinfo();
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人!!!" << endl;
}
}
else if (select == 2)
{
string name;
cout << "请输入查找的姓名: " << endl;
cin >> name;
bool flag = false;
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
if (this->n_EmpArray[i]->m_name == name)
{
cout << "查找成功!!!该职工信息如下:" << endl;
flag = true;
this->n_EmpArray[i]->showinfo();
}
}
if (flag == false)
{
cout << "查找失败!!查无此人!!!" << endl;
}
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误!!!" << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void WorkerManager::sort_Emp()
{
if (this->n_fileisempty)
{
cout << "文件不存在或记录为空!!!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
else
{
cout << "请选择选择排序的方式" << endl;
cout << "1、按照职工编号进行升序排列" << endl;
cout << "2、按照职工编号进行降序排列" << endl;
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
int minormax = i;
for (int j=i+1;j<this->n_Empnum;j++)
{
if (select == 1)
{
if (this->n_EmpArray[minormax]->m_id > this->n_EmpArray[j]->m_id)
{
minormax = j;
}
}
else
{
if (this->n_EmpArray[minormax]->m_id < this->n_EmpArray[j]->m_id)
{
minormax = j;
}
}
}
if (i != minormax)
{
Worker* temp = this->n_EmpArray[i];
this->n_EmpArray[i] = this->n_EmpArray[minormax];
this->n_EmpArray[minormax] = temp;
}
}
cout << "排序成功!!!排序后的结果为: " << endl;
this->save();
this->show_Emp();
}
}
void WorkerManager::Clean_File()
{
cout << "确定清空文件吗???" << endl;
cout << "1、确定!" << endl;
cout << "2、再想想!" << endl;
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
ofstream ofs(FILENAME,ios::trunc);
ofs.close();
if (this->n_EmpArray != NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < this->n_Empnum; i++)
{
delete this->n_EmpArray[i];
this->n_EmpArray[i] = NULL;
}
delete[] this->n_EmpArray;
this->n_EmpArray = NULL;
this->n_Empnum = 0;
this->n_fileisempty = true;
}
cout << "清空成功!!!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
WorkerManager:: ~WorkerManager()
{
if (this->n_EmpArray != NULL)
{
delete[] this->n_EmpArray;
this->n_EmpArray = NULL;
}
}
最后在主main函数中选用case语句去依次实现功能:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include "workerManager.h"
#include "worker.h"
#include "employee.h"
#include "manager.h"
#include "boss.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
WorkerManager wm;
while(true)
{
wm.Show_Menu();
cout << "您的选择是:" << endl;
int choice = 0;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 0 : //退出
wm.exitsystem();
break;
case 1 : //增加
wm.add_Emp();
break;
case 2 : //显示
wm.show_Emp();
break;
case 3 : //删除
wm.Del_Emp();
break;
case 4 : //修改
wm.Mod_Emp();
break;
case 5 : //查找
wm.find_Emp();
break;
case 6 : //排序
wm.sort_Emp();
break;
case 7 : //清空
wm.Clean_File();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
system("pause");
}
友情提示:
建议自己动手打代码!