外观模式
组建一个家庭影院:
DVD播放器、投影仪、自动屏幕、环绕立体声、爆米花机、要求完成所有的功能,其过程包括
- 直接用遥控器,统筹各设备开关
- 开爆米花机
- 放下屏幕
- 开投影仪
- 开音响
- 开DVD
- 去拿爆米花
- 调暗灯光
- 播放
- 观影结束,关闭各种设备
首先我们想到的就是为每个设备使用一个遥控器
一、传统方式问题分析
- 在ClientTest的main方法中,创建各个子系统的对象,并直接去调用子系统(对象)的相关方法,会造成调用过程混乱。没有清晰的过程
- 不利于ClientTest中,去维护对子系统的操作
- 解决思路:定义一个高级接口,给子系统的一组接口提供一个一致的界面,用来访问子系统的一群接口
- 也就是说,通过定义一个一致的接口(界面类),用以屏蔽内部子系统的细节,使得调用端只需要跟这个接口发生调用,而无需关心这个子系统的内部细节,这就是我们本节要学习的外观模式
二、外观模式基本介绍
-
外观模式页脚过程模式:外观模式为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面,此模式定义了一个高层接口,这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用
-
外观模式通过定义一个一致的接口,用以屏蔽内部子系统的细节,使得调用端只需要跟这个接口发生调用,而不需要关心这个子系统的内部细节
-
角色分析
- 外观类(Facade):为调用端提供统一的调用接口,外观类知道哪些子系统负责处理请求,从而将调用端的请求代理给适当子系统对象
- 调用者(Client):外观接口的调用者
- 子系统的集合:指模块或者子系统,处理Facade对象指派的任务,它是功能的实际提供者
三、使用外观模式解决上述问题
-
创建子系统的合集
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName DVDPlayer * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:18 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class DVDPlayer { //使用单例模式 private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer(); public static DVDPlayer getInstance(){ return instance; } public void on(){ System.out.println("DVD打开了"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("DVD关闭"); } public void play(){ System.out.println("dvd播放中"); } public void pause(){ System.out.println("dvdpause"); } }
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName Popcorn * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:21 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class Popcorn { private static Popcorn popcorn= new Popcorn(); public static Popcorn getInstance(){ return popcorn; } public void on(){ System.out.println("爆米花打开"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("爆米花关闭"); } public void pop(){ System.out.println("取爆米花"); } }
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName Projector * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:23 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class Projector { private static Projector projector = new Projector(); public static Projector getInstance(){ return projector; } public void on(){ System.out.println("投影仪打开"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("投影仪关闭"); } public void focus(){ System.out.println("投影仪聚焦"); } }
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName Screen * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:24 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class Screen { private static Screen screen = new Screen(); public static Screen getInstance(){ return screen; } public void up(){ System.out.println("屏幕上升"); } public void down(){ System.out.println("屏幕下降"); } }
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName Stereo * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:26 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class Stereo { private static Stereo stereo = new Stereo(); public static Stereo getInstance(){ return stereo; } public void on(){ System.out.println("立体声打开"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("立体声关闭"); } public void up(){ System.out.println("立体声加大"); } }
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName TheaterLight * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:27 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class TheaterLight { private static TheaterLight theaterLight = new TheaterLight(); public static TheaterLight getInstance(){ return theaterLight; } public void on(){ System.out.println("灯光打开"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("灯光关闭"); } public void dim(){ System.out.println("灯光调暗"); } public void bright(){ System.out.println("灯光调亮"); } }
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创建门面
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName HomeTheaterFacade * @Description 门面类 * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:29 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class HomeTheaterFacade { //定义各个子系统的对象 private TheaterLight theaterLight; private DVDPlayer dvdPlayer; private Popcorn popcorn; private Projector projector; private Stereo stereo; private Screen screen; //构造器 public HomeTheaterFacade(TheaterLight theaterLight, DVDPlayer dvdPlayer, Popcorn popcorn, Projector projector, Stereo stereo, Screen screen) { this.theaterLight = theaterLight; this.dvdPlayer = dvdPlayer; this.popcorn = popcorn; this.projector = projector; this.stereo = stereo; this.screen = screen; } public HomeTheaterFacade() { this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance(); this.dvdPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstance(); this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance(); this.projector = Projector.getInstance(); this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance(); this.screen = Screen.getInstance(); } //操作分为四步 public void ready(){ popcorn.on(); popcorn.off(); screen.down(); projector.on(); stereo.on(); dvdPlayer.on(); theaterLight.dim(); } public void play(){ dvdPlayer.play(); } public void pause(){ dvdPlayer.pause(); } public void end(){ screen.up(); projector.off(); theaterLight.bright(); stereo.off(); dvdPlayer.off(); } public static void main(String[] args) { } }
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创建调用客户端
package com.slp.pattern.facade; /** * @ClassName Client * @Description TODO * @Author sanglp * @Date 2020/8/21 8:29 * @Version 1.0 **/ public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade(); homeTheaterFacade.ready(); homeTheaterFacade.play(); homeTheaterFacade.pause(); homeTheaterFacade.end(); } }
四、外观模式在Mybatis源码中的应用
protected ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory = new DefaultReflectorFactory();
protected ObjectFactory objectFactory = new DefaultObjectFactory();
protected ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory = new DefaultObjectWrapperFactory();
public MetaObject newMetaObject(Object object) {
return MetaObject.forObject(object, objectFactory, objectWrapperFactory, reflectorFactory);
}
public static MetaObject forObject(Object object, ObjectFactory objectFactory, ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory, ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory) {
if (object == null) {
return SystemMetaObject.NULL_META_OBJECT;
} else {
return new MetaObject(object, objectFactory, objectWrapperFactory, reflectorFactory);
}
}
private MetaObject(Object object, ObjectFactory objectFactory, ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory, ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory) {
this.originalObject = object;
this.objectFactory = objectFactory;
this.objectWrapperFactory = objectWrapperFactory;
this.reflectorFactory = reflectorFactory;
if (object instanceof ObjectWrapper) {
this.objectWrapper = (ObjectWrapper) object;
} else if (objectWrapperFactory.hasWrapperFor(object)) {
this.objectWrapper = objectWrapperFactory.getWrapperFor(this, object);
} else if (object instanceof Map) {
this.objectWrapper = new MapWrapper(this, (Map) object);
} else if (object instanceof Collection) {
this.objectWrapper = new CollectionWrapper(this, (Collection) object);
} else {
this.objectWrapper = new BeanWrapper(this, object);
}
}
五、外观模式注意事项和细节
- 外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节,因此外观模式降低了客户端对子系统使用的复杂性
- 外观模式对客户端与子系统的耦合关系-解耦,让子系统内部的模块更易维护和扩展
- 通过合理的使用外观模式,可以帮助我们更好的划分访问的层次
- 在维护一个遗留的大型系统时,可能这个系统以及变得非常难以维护和扩展,此时可以考虑为新系统开发一个Facade类,来提高遗留系统的比较清晰简单的接口,让新系统与Facade类交互,提高复用性
- 不同过多的或者不合理的使用外观模式,使用外观模式好,还是直接调用模块好,要以让系统有层次,利于维护为目的