设计模式--------组合模式

设计模式--------组合模式

介绍组合模式的三大问题

• 什么是组合模式？
• 组合模式有什么好处？

采用一个案例来说明问题

• 现有一个磁盘，磁盘中有文件夹也有文件，没有指定的文件夹层数，一个目录下有文件也可能有文件夹，采用一个好的方式，可以简单的遍历所有的文件，文件夹，以及可以按照指定的要求筛选

常见思路

• 创建一个文件夹类
  • List<文件夹>: 存储文件夹下的文件夹
  • List<文件>: 存储文件夹下的文件
  • print(): 递归输出文件夹中的文件信息
• 创建一个文件类
  • name: 文件名
  • description: 描述

Folder

public class Folder {

    public Folder() {
        folders = new ArrayList<>();
        files = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    
    List<Folder> folders;
    
    List<File> files;

    public void print() {

        for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
            files.get(i).print();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < folders.size(); i++) {
            folders.get(i).print();
        }

    }

    public void addFile(File file) {
        files.add(file);
    }

    public void addFolder(Folder folder) {
        folders.add(folder);
    }
}

File

public class File {
    
    String name;
    String description;

    public File(String name, String description) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;

    }

    public void print() {
        System.out.println("name: " + name + " description: " + description);
    }

}

Reader

public class Reader {
    
    Folder folder;

    public Reader(Folder folder) {
        this.folder = folder;
    }

    public void read() {
        folder.print();
    }
}

Main

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Folder folder = new Folder();
        folder.addFile(new File("1", "1"));
        folder.addFile(new File("2", "2"));
        folder.addFile(new File("3", "3"));
        folder.addFile(new File("4", "4"));

        Folder folder2 = new Folder();

        folder2.addFile(new File("5", "5"));
        folder2.addFile(new File("6", "6"));
        folder2.addFile(new File("7", "7"));
        folder2.addFile(new File("8", "8"));

        folder.addFolder(folder2);

        Reader reader = new Reader(folder);
        reader.read();
    }
}

/// out

name: 1 description: 1
name: 2 description: 2
name: 3 description: 3
name: 4 description: 4
name: 5 description: 5
name: 6 description: 6
name: 7 description: 7
name: 8 description: 8

有什么问题？

• 当添加文件和文件夹，以及读取文件和文件夹都是分别区分对待的
• 有没有一种办法，可以让他们一视同仁

什么是组合模式

• 允许将对象组合成树形结构来表现 整体/部分 层次结构，组合能让客户以一致的方式处理个别对象以及对象组合

使用组合模式改写代码

• 创建一个共同的接口，让文件和文件夹实现，以便能够使用统一的方法处理文件和文件夹，对于有一些接口文件夹或文件可能用不到，可以采用默认抛出异常的方式，各自实现自己需要的接口

Component

public abstract class Component {
    
    public void add(Component component) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public String getName() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public void print() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    
}

File

public class File extends Component {
    
    String name;
    String description;

    public File(String name, String description) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;

    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("name: " + name + " description: " + description);
    }
}

Folder

public class Folder extends Component {

    List<Component> files;
    
    public Folder() {
        files = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Component component) {
        files.add(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        Iterator<Component> iterator = files.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()) {
            Component component = iterator.next();
            component.print();
        }

    }
}

Reader

public class Reader {
    
    Component component;

    public Reader(Component component) {
        this.component = component;
    }

    public void read() {
        component.print();
    }
}

Main

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Component folder = new Folder();
        folder.add(new File("1", "1"));
        folder.add(new File("2", "2"));
        folder.add(new File("3", "3"));
        folder.add(new File("4", "4"));

        Component folder2 = new Folder();

        folder2.add(new File("5", "5"));
        folder2.add(new File("6", "6"));
        folder2.add(new File("7", "7"));
        folder2.add(new File("8", "8"));

        folder.add(folder2);

        Reader reader = new Reader(folder);
        reader.read();
    }
}
// out

name: 1 description: 1
name: 2 description: 2
name: 3 description: 3
name: 4 description: 4
name: 5 description: 5
name: 6 description: 6
name: 7 description: 7
name: 8 description: 8

组合模式有什么好处？

• 可以看到因为采用了统一的接口所以客户无需关心对象类别

END

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