PHP CI框架防范CSRF及XSS源码摘录

CSRF及XSS基础知识

定义（个人理解）

CSRF（Cross Site Request Forgery 跨站请求伪造），用户（客户端）登录了A网站（被攻击者），然后打开了B网站（攻击者），B在页面内嵌有某个A的资源URL，诱导用户点击或页面加载时自动调用，浏览器会自动把保存的cookie也一并发送过去，B的操作请求就被服务端误认为是用户自己发起的。

XSS（Cross Site Scriping 跨站脚本），重点在脚本，不一定是跨站的，具体可以分为好几种。常见比如 input 框中输入脚本，浏览器编辑运行脚本，在网站上嵌入脚本通过document.cookie()获取cookie等。

这俩有点类似，都是利用客户端进行攻击。区别在于 XSS利用站点内的信任用户进行脚本操作，包括但不限于获取用户cookie进行下一步操作。而CSRF本质上是借用用户cookie执行非用户本意的操作，但攻击方本身并未获取用户cookie。

防范措施

CSRF：

• 涉及到资源修改的操作，一定要用POST而不是GET
• 可对请求增加csrf_token （CI和Laravel都用的这种）
• 后端关键操作前判断referrer（若客户端浏览器有漏洞，可伪造referrer，因而不完全可靠）

XSS：

• 关键 cookie，要设置 http-only，禁止通过 JS 获取（在php.ini 可设置 PHP session 的属性）

; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly
session.cookie_httponly = 1

• 不信任用户输入，对所有输入和参数进行过滤

相关阅读

CI - 安全类
csrf攻击、为关键cookie设置httpOnly属性（防止xss攻击）安全问题
CSRF的详细介绍与token的分析
CSRF 攻击的应对之道（讲的很清晰就是时间略久远）
前端安全之XSS攻击

CI - CSRF

基本思路：在表单中增加隐藏input，值为随机hash值，提交到服务端后与cookie中的hash值进行比对。每次提交后，重新生成token和cookie中的值。这里以CI为例，Laravel中的思路也基本相同。

配置

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Cross Site Request Forgery
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Enables a CSRF cookie token to be set. When set to TRUE, token will be
| checked on a submitted form. If you are accepting user data, it is strongly
| recommended CSRF protection be enabled.
|
| 'csrf_token_name' = The token name
| 'csrf_cookie_name' = The cookie name
| 'csrf_expire' = The number in seconds the token should expire.
*/

config.php

表单

/**
 * Form Declaration
 *
 * Creates the opening portion of the form.
 *
 * @access public
 * @param  string the URI segments of the form destination
 * @param  array  a key/value pair of attributes
 * @param  array  a key/value pair hidden data
 * @return string
 */
if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
{
   function form_open($action = '', $attributes = '', $hidden = array())
   {
      $CI =& get_instance();

      if ($attributes == '')
      {
         $attributes = 'method="post"';
      }

      // If an action is not a full URL then turn it into one
      if ($action && strpos($action, '://') === FALSE)
      {
         $action = $CI->config->site_url($action);
      }

      // If no action is provided then set to the current url
      $action OR $action = $CI->config->site_url($CI->uri->uri_string());

      $form = '<form action="'.$action.'"';

      $form .= _attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE);

      $form .= '>';

      // Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites  
      if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"'))) 
      {
         $hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
      }

      if (is_array($hidden) AND count($hidden) > 0)
      {
         $form .= sprintf("<div style=\"display:none\">%s</div>", form_hidden($hidden));
      }

      return $form;
   }
}

form_helper.php

<?php form_open() ?>
<input type="text" name="xxx" >
<input type="submit" name="xxx" >
<?php form_close() ?>

xxx.php（前端页面）

验证

// CSRF Protection check on HTTP requests
if ($this->_enable_csrf == TRUE && ! $this->is_cli_request())
{
   $this->security->csrf_verify();
}

Input.php

/**
 * Verify Cross Site Request Forgery Protection
 *
 * @return object
 */
public function csrf_verify()
{
   // If it's not a POST request we will set the CSRF cookie
   if (strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) !== 'POST')
   {
      return $this->csrf_set_cookie();
   }
       /*
       print_r($_COOKIE);
       print_r($_POST);
       echo '<--EXIT KEY-->'.config_item('encryption_key');
       echo '<--EXIT MD5-->'.md5($_POST['timeStamp'].config_item('encryption_key'));
       */
       if($_POST['timeStamp'] && $_POST['postSign'])
       {
           if(md5($_POST['timeStamp'].config_item('encryption_key')) != $_POST['postSign'])
           {
               $this->csrf_show_error('Not Sign');
           }
       }
       else
       {
           // Do the tokens exist in both the _POST and _COOKIE arrays?
           if ( ! isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name], $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]))
           {
               $this->csrf_show_error('Not Exist');
           }

           // Do the tokens match?
           if ($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name] != $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
           {
               $this->csrf_show_error('Not EQ');
           }
       }



   // We kill this since we're done and we don't want to
   // polute the _POST array
   unset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]);

   // Nothing should last forever
   unset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]);
   $this->_csrf_set_hash();
   $this->csrf_set_cookie();

   log_message('debug', 'CSRF token verified');

   return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Set Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
 *
 * @return object
 */
public function csrf_set_cookie()
{
   $expire = time() + $this->_csrf_expire;
   $secure_cookie = (config_item('cookie_secure') === TRUE) ? 1 : 0;

   if ($secure_cookie && (empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) OR strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) === 'off'))
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   setcookie($this->_csrf_cookie_name, $this->_csrf_hash, $expire, config_item('cookie_path'), config_item('cookie_domain'), $secure_cookie);

   log_message('debug', "CRSF cookie Set");

   return $this;
}

Security.php

CI - XSS

输入过滤

/**
 * XSS Clean
 *
 * Sanitizes data so that Cross Site Scripting Hacks can be
 * prevented.  This function does a fair amount of work but
 * it is extremely thorough, designed to prevent even the
 * most obscure XSS attempts.  Nothing is ever 100% foolproof,
 * of course, but I haven't been able to get anything passed
 * the filter.
 *
 * Note: This function should only be used to deal with data
 * upon submission.  It's not something that should
 * be used for general runtime processing.
 *
 * This function was based in part on some code and ideas I
 * got from Bitflux: http://channel.bitflux.ch/wiki/XSS_Prevention
 *
 * To help develop this script I used this great list of
 * vulnerabilities along with a few other hacks I've
 * harvested from examining vulnerabilities in other programs:
 * http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html
 *
 * @param  mixed  string or array
 * @param  bool
 * @return string
 */
public function xss_clean($str, $is_image = FALSE)
{
   /*
    * Is the string an array?
    *
    */
   if (is_array($str))
   {
      while (list($key) = each($str))
      {
         $str[$key] = $this->xss_clean($str[$key]);
      }

      return $str;
   }

   /*
    * Remove Invisible Characters
    */
   $str = remove_invisible_characters($str);

   // Validate Entities in URLs
   $str = $this->_validate_entities($str);

   /*
    * URL Decode
    *
    * Just in case stuff like this is submitted:
    *
    * <a href="http://%77%77%77%2E%67%6F%6F%67%6C%65%2E%63%6F%6D">Google</a>
    *
    * Note: Use rawurldecode() so it does not remove plus signs
    *
    */
   $str = rawurldecode($str);

   /*
    * Convert character entities to ASCII
    *
    * This permits our tests below to work reliably.
    * We only convert entities that are within tags since
    * these are the ones that will pose security problems.
    *
    */

   $str = preg_replace_callback("/[a-z]+=([\'\"]).*?\\1/si", array($this, '_convert_attribute'), $str);

   $str = preg_replace_callback("/<\w+.*?(?=>|<|$)/si", array($this, '_decode_entity'), $str);

   /*
    * Remove Invisible Characters Again!
    */
   $str = remove_invisible_characters($str);

   /*
    * Convert all tabs to spaces
    *
    * This prevents strings like this: ja vascript
    * NOTE: we deal with spaces between characters later.
    * NOTE: preg_replace was found to be amazingly slow here on
    * large blocks of data, so we use str_replace.
    */

   if (strpos($str, "\t") !== FALSE)
   {
      $str = str_replace("\t", ' ', $str);
   }

   /*
    * Capture converted string for later comparison
    */
   $converted_string = $str;

   // Remove Strings that are never allowed
   $str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str);

   /*
    * Makes PHP tags safe
    *
    * Note: XML tags are inadvertently replaced too:
    *
    * <?xml
    *
    * But it doesn't seem to pose a problem.
    */
   if ($is_image === TRUE)
   {
      // Images have a tendency to have the PHP short opening and
      // closing tags every so often so we skip those and only
      // do the long opening tags.
      $str = preg_replace('/<\?(php)/i', "&lt;?\\1", $str);
   }
   else
   {
      $str = str_replace(array('<?', '?'.'>'),  array('&lt;?', '?&gt;'), $str);
   }

   /*
    * Compact any exploded words
    *
    * This corrects words like:  j a v a s c r i p t
    * These words are compacted back to their correct state.
    */
   $words = array(
      'javascript', 'expression', 'vbscript', 'script', 'base64',
      'applet', 'alert', 'document', 'write', 'cookie', 'window'
   );

   foreach ($words as $word)
   {
      $temp = '';

      for ($i = 0, $wordlen = strlen($word); $i < $wordlen; $i++)
      {
         $temp .= substr($word, $i, 1)."\s*";
      }

      // We only want to do this when it is followed by a non-word character
      // That way valid stuff like "dealer to" does not become "dealerto"
      $str = preg_replace_callback('#('.substr($temp, 0, -3).')(\W)#is', array($this, '_compact_exploded_words'), $str);
   }

   /*
    * Remove disallowed Javascript in links or img tags
    * We used to do some version comparisons and use of stripos for PHP5,
    * but it is dog slow compared to these simplified non-capturing
    * preg_match(), especially if the pattern exists in the string
    */
   do
   {
      $original = $str;

      if (preg_match("/<a/i", $str))
      {
         $str = preg_replace_callback("#<a\s+([^>]*?)(>|$)#si", array($this, '_js_link_removal'), $str);
      }

      if (preg_match("/<img/i", $str))
      {
         $str = preg_replace_callback("#<img\s+([^>]*?)(\s?/?>|$)#si", array($this, '_js_img_removal'), $str);
      }

      if (preg_match("/script/i", $str) OR preg_match("/xss/i", $str))
      {
         $str = preg_replace("#<(/*)(script|xss)(.*?)\>#si", '[removed]', $str);
      }
   }
   while($original != $str);

   unset($original);

   // Remove evil attributes such as style, onclick and xmlns
   $str = $this->_remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image);

   /*
    * Sanitize naughty HTML elements
    *
    * If a tag containing any of the words in the list
    * below is found, the tag gets converted to entities.
    *
    * So this: <blink>
    * Becomes: &lt;blink&gt;
    */
   $naughty = 'alert|applet|audio|basefont|base|behavior|bgsound|blink|body|embed|expression|form|frameset|frame|head|html|ilayer|iframe|input|isindex|layer|link|meta|object|plaintext|style|script|textarea|title|video|xml|xss';
   $str = preg_replace_callback('#<(/*\s*)('.$naughty.')([^><]*)([><]*)#is', array($this, '_sanitize_naughty_html'), $str);

   /*
    * Sanitize naughty scripting elements
    *
    * Similar to above, only instead of looking for
    * tags it looks for PHP and JavaScript commands
    * that are disallowed.  Rather than removing the
    * code, it simply converts the parenthesis to entities
    * rendering the code un-executable.
    *
    * For example:    eval('some code')
    * Becomes:       eval&#40;'some code'&#41;
    */
   $str = preg_replace('#(alert|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)\((.*?)\)#si', "\\1\\2&#40;\\3&#41;", $str);


   // Final clean up
   // This adds a bit of extra precaution in case
   // something got through the above filters
   $str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str);

   /*
    * Images are Handled in a Special Way
    * - Essentially, we want to know that after all of the character
    * conversion is done whether any unwanted, likely XSS, code was found.
    * If not, we return TRUE, as the image is clean.
    * However, if the string post-conversion does not matched the
    * string post-removal of XSS, then it fails, as there was unwanted XSS
    * code found and removed/changed during processing.
    */

   if ($is_image === TRUE)
   {
      return ($str == $converted_string) ? TRUE: FALSE;
   }

   log_message('debug', "XSS Filtering completed");
   return $str;
}

Security.php