Linux学习之Shell Scripts（一）

一、撰写第一个Scripts

（1）echo  

• echo -n：不换行输出

[root@localhost dalianmao]# echo '12345';echo '6789'
12345
6789
[root@localhost dalianmao]# echo -n '12345';echo '6789'
123456789

• echo -e ： 处理特殊字符

\a 发出警告声； 
\b 删除前一个字符； 
\c 最后不加上换行符号； 
\f 换行但光标仍旧停留在原来的位置； 
\n 换行且光标移至行首； 
\r 光标移至行首，但不换行； 
\t 插入tab； 
\v 与\f相同； 
\ 插入\字符； 
\nnn 插入nnn（八进制）所代表的ASCII字符；

[root@localhost dalianmao]# echo -e 'abc\ncdfr'
abc
cdfr

（2）Hello World

[dalianmao@localhost ~]$ mkdir scripts;cd scripts
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ vi HelloWorld.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ll
total 4
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 235 Nov  7 00:57 HelloWorld.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ sh HelloWorld.sh 
Hello World! 

1、第一行#!/bin/bash 在宣告这个shell使用的shell名称

他能够加载bash的相关环境配置文件（一般来说就是non-login shell的~/.bashrc），执行bash来使下面的指令能够执行。

2、程序内容的说明

3、主要环境变量宣告

将重要的环境变量设定好，如PATH，这样，我们可以直接下达一些外部指令，而不必写绝对路径。

4、主要程序部分

5、执行成果告知

exit 0 代表离开script并且回传一个0给系统，echo $? 可以得到0值

二、开始实战

1）随日期变化，建立档案

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ clear
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ vi dalianmao.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ll
total 8
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 563 Nov  7 04:39 dalianmao.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 235 Nov  7 00:57 HelloWorld.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ sh dalianmao.sh 
Please input your filename:dashabi
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ll
total 8
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 563 Nov  7 04:39 dalianmao.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 04:39 dashabi20181105
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 04:39 dashabi20181106
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 04:39 dashabi20181107
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 235 Nov  7 00:57 HelloWorld.sh

2）数据运算

1、var=$((运算内容))
2、declare -i var=运算内容

运算符：
+   -    *   /   %

1、输入两个数，输出两个数的乘积和取余

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ vi dalianmao_caculate.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ll
total 12
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 469 Nov  8 11:02 dalianmao_caculate.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 563 Nov  7 12:39 dalianmao.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181105
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181106
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181107
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 235 Nov  7 08:57 HelloWorld.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ sh dalianmao_caculate.sh 
Please input two inter numbers!
fist number:13
second number:3
the first result is:39 

the second result is:1 

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ nl dalianmao_caculate.sh 
     1	#!/bin/bash
       
     2	# Program:
     3	#       User inputs 2 integer numbers;Program will cross these two numbers
       
     4	# History:
     5	# 2018/11/8 dalianmao   v1.0
       
     6	PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:~/bin
       
     7	export PATH
       
     8	echo -e "Please input two inter numbers!"
       
     9	read -p "fist number:" num1
       
    10	read -p "second number:" num2
       
    11	num3=$(($num1*$num2))
       
    12	declare -i num4=$num1%$num2
       
       
    13	echo -e "the first result is:$num3 \n"
    14	echo -e "the second result is:$num4 \n"
    15	exit 0

3) script 的执行方式差异（source,sh script, ./script）

1、用sh或者bash或者 ./script 来执行，程序都是在开启新的子进程中执行，定义的变量在父进程中无效。

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ bash dalianmao_caculate.sh 
Please input two inter numbers!
fist number:13
second number:3
the first result is:39 

the second result is:1 

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ echo $num3

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ chmod 777 dalianmao_caculate.sh 
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ./dalianmao_caculate.sh 
Please input two inter numbers!
fist number:13
second number:3
the first result is:39 

the second result is:1 

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ echo $num3

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ 

2、利用source来执行脚本：在父程序中执行，文件中定义的变量还能用。

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ ll
total 12
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 469 Nov  8 11:02 dalianmao_caculate.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 563 Nov  7 12:39 dalianmao.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181105
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181106
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao   0 Nov  7 12:39 dashabi20181107
-rw-rw-r--. 1 dalianmao dalianmao 235 Nov  7 08:57 HelloWorld.sh
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ vi dalianmao_caculate.sh 
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ source dalianmao_caculate.sh 
Please input two inter numbers!
fist number:13
second number:3
the first result is:39 

the second result is:1 

[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ echo $num3 $num4
39 1
[dalianmao@localhost scripts]$ nl dalianmao_caculate.sh 
     1	#!/bin/bash
       
     2	# Program:
     3	#       User inputs 2 integer numbers;Program will cross these two numbers
       
     4	# History:
     5	# 2018/11/8 dalianmao   v1.0
       
     6	PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:~/bin
       
     7	export PATH
       
     8	echo -e "Please input two inter numbers!"
       
     9	read -p "fist number:" num1
       
    10	read -p "second number:" num2
       
    11	num3=$(($num1*$num2))
       
    12	declare -i num4=$num1%$num2
       
       
    13	echo -e "the first result is:$num3 \n"
    14	echo -e "the second result is:$num4 \n"

注：把文件中的exit 0去掉哈！！