java-线程

学习线程所作笔记

线程创建

1.继承Thread类(不建议使用因为java是单继承)
2.时间Runnable接口(推荐使用)

多线程案例(龟兔赛跑)

public class Race implements Runnable {
    private static String winner;
    @Override
    public void run() {

        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            Boolean flag=gameOver(i);
            if(flag){
                //比赛结束
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){

        if(winner!=null){
            //胜利者存在
            return true;
        }
        if(steps==100){
            winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race=new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

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线程状态(六种线程状态,获取线程状态的方法)

在这里插入图片描述
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NEW
尚未启动的线程的线程状态。
RUNNABLE
一个可运行的线程的线程状态。
TIMED_WAITING
具有指定等待时间的等待线程的线程状态。
TERMINATED
终止线程的线程状态。
BLOCKED
被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程处于此状态
WAITING
正在等待另一个线程执行特定动作的线程处于此状态

public class StateThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread=new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("---------------");
        });

        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        thread.start();
        state=thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);
        
        while(state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
                state=thread.getState();
                System.out.println(state);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

1.void setPriority(int newPriority) 更改此线程的优先级。
2.static void sleep(long millis) 当前正在执行的线程休眠(暂停执行)为指定的毫秒数。
3.void join() 等待该线程终止。
4.static void yield() 暂停当前正在执行的线程对象,并执行其他线程。
5.boolean isAlive() 测试这个线程是否处于活动状态。

线程的优先级(setPriority方法使用)

优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用了。

public class PriorityThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        MyPriority myPriority=new MyPriority();
        Thread t1=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6=new Thread(myPriority);

        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(7);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(8);
        t6.start();
    }
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

停止线程(自定义)

public class StopThread implements Runnable {
    private  boolean flag=true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i=0;
        while(flag){
            System.out.println("run ... thread"+i++);
        }
    }
    //公开方法停止线程
    public void stop(){
        this.flag=false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StopThread stopThread=new StopThread();
        new Thread(stopThread).start();
        for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
            System.out.println("main" + i);
            if(i==900){
                stopThread.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠(sleep方法使用)

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class SleepThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        tenDown();
        /*Date startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }*/
    }
    //倒计时
    public static void tenDown(){
        int num=10;
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(num--);
                if(num<=0){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

线程的礼让(yield方法的使用)

public class YieldThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield =new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }

}
class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

线程强制执行(join方法使用)

public class JoinThread implements Runnable {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JoinThread joinThread=new JoinThread();
        Thread thread = new Thread(joinThread);
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                try {
                    thread.join();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
        }
    }
}

守护(daemon)线程

线程分为用户线程和守护线程
虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕

public class DaemonThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            God god=new God();
            You you=new You();

            Thread thread=new Thread(god);
            thread.setDaemon(true);//设置为保护线程
            thread.start();
            new Thread(you).start();
    }
}
class God implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝守护你");
        }
    }
}
class You implements  Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的或者");
        }
        System.out.println("你死了");
    }
}

线程不安全案例

售票问题
public class UnsafeBuyTicket  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station=new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(station,"张一").start();
        new Thread(station,"张二").start();
        new Thread(station,"张三").start();
    }
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    //票
    private int ticketNums=10;
    boolean flag=true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        if(ticketNums<=0){
            flag=false;
            return ;
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

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取钱问题
//不安全取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you=new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend=new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}
//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int mowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {

        if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //卡内余额=余额-你取得钱
        account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        mowMoney=mowMoney+drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+mowMoney);
    }
}

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不安全集合
//线程不安全集合
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

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同步方法(synchronized)

synchronized默认锁是this

买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station=new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(station,"张一").start();
        new Thread(station,"张二").start();
        new Thread(station,"张三").start();
    }
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
    //票
    private int ticketNums=10;
    boolean flag=true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        if(ticketNums<=0){
            flag=false;
            return ;
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

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银行(synchroniezd同步块)
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you=new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend=new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}
//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int mowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
                return;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内余额=余额-你取得钱
            account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
            //你手里的钱
            mowMoney=mowMoney+drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+mowMoney);
        }
    }
}
集合
package ThreadSafetyIssues;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized(list) {
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

安全集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList)

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

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死锁情况

线程死锁是指两个或两个以上的线程互相持有对方所需要的资源,由于synchronized的特性,一个线程持有一个资源,或者说获得一个锁,在该线程释放这个锁之前,其它线程是获取不到这个锁的,而且会一直死等下去,因此这便造成了死锁。

package deadlock;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup gril1=new Makeup(0,"gril1");
        Makeup gril2=new Makeup(1,"gril2");
        gril1.start();
        gril2.start();
    }
}
class Lipstick{

}
class Mirror{

}
class Makeup extends Thread{

    static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择

    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private  void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        }else{
            synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipstick){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

Lock锁

Lock是显示锁(手动开启和关闭锁)

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock=new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums=10;
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try{
                //加锁
                lock.lock();
                if(ticketNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else{
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

线程通信

1.wait();表示线程一直等待,直到其他线程通知,与sleep不同会释放锁
2.wait();指定等待的毫秒数
3.notify()l唤醒一个处于等待的线程
4.notifyAll();唤醒同一个对象上所有调用wait()方法的线程,优先级别高的线程优先调度

生产者消费则问题(管程法)
package ProducerConsumerModel;

//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container=new SynContainer();
        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }
    //生产

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0 ; i <100 ; i++) {
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"鸡");
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
        }
    }
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了--->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens=new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count=0;
    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了,等待消费者消费
        if(chickens.length==count){
            //通知消费者消费,生产者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满就将产品丢尽缓冲区
        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;
        //可以通知消费者消费
        this.notifyAll();

    }
    //消费者消费产品
    public  synchronized Chicken pop(){
        if(count==0){
            //等待生产者生产,消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken=chickens[count];

        //吃完了,通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}
生产者消费则问题(信号灯法)
package ProducerConsumerModel;

public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv=new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }

}
//生产者---》演员
class Player extends  Thread{
    TV tv;
    public  Player(TV tv){
        this.tv=tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i=0;i<20;i++){
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}
//消费者---》观众
class Watcher extends  Thread{
    TV tv;
    public  Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv=tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i=0;i<20;i++){
            this.tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//产品---》节目
class TV{
    //演员表演观众等待T
    //观众观看演员等待F
    String voice;//表演节目
    boolean flag=true;

    //表演
    public synchronized  void play(String voice){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();
        this.voice=voice;
        this.flag=!this.flag;
    }
    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观众观看了"+voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag=!this.flag;
    }
}

使用线程池

package ThreadPool;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务,创建线程池
        //参数为线程池大小
        ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //关闭连接
        service.shutdown();

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

    }
}
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