学习线程所作笔记
线程创建
1.继承Thread类(不建议使用因为java是单继承)
2.时间Runnable接口(推荐使用)
多线程案例(龟兔赛跑)
public class Race implements Runnable {
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
Boolean flag=gameOver(i);
if(flag){
//比赛结束
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
if(winner!=null){
//胜利者存在
return true;
}
if(steps==100){
winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race=new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
线程状态(六种线程状态,获取线程状态的方法)
NEW
尚未启动的线程的线程状态。
RUNNABLE
一个可运行的线程的线程状态。
TIMED_WAITING
具有指定等待时间的等待线程的线程状态。
TERMINATED
终止线程的线程状态。
BLOCKED
被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程处于此状态
WAITING
正在等待另一个线程执行特定动作的线程处于此状态
public class StateThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread=new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("---------------");
});
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
thread.start();
state=thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
while(state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
state=thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
1.void setPriority(int newPriority) 更改此线程的优先级。
2.static void sleep(long millis) 当前正在执行的线程休眠(暂停执行)为指定的毫秒数。
3.void join() 等待该线程终止。
4.static void yield() 暂停当前正在执行的线程对象,并执行其他线程。
5.boolean isAlive() 测试这个线程是否处于活动状态。
线程的优先级(setPriority方法使用)
优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用了。
public class PriorityThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority=new MyPriority();
Thread t1=new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2=new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3=new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4=new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5=new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6=new Thread(myPriority);
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(7);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(8);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
停止线程(自定义)
public class StopThread implements Runnable {
private boolean flag=true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while(flag){
System.out.println("run ... thread"+i++);
}
}
//公开方法停止线程
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
StopThread stopThread=new StopThread();
new Thread(stopThread).start();
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
System.out.println("main" + i);
if(i==900){
stopThread.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
}
}
}
}
线程休眠(sleep方法使用)
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class SleepThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
tenDown();
/*Date startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}*/
}
//倒计时
public static void tenDown(){
int num=10;
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
线程的礼让(yield方法的使用)
public class YieldThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield =new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
线程强制执行(join方法使用)
public class JoinThread implements Runnable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JoinThread joinThread=new JoinThread();
Thread thread = new Thread(joinThread);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if(i==200){
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
}
}
}
守护(daemon)线程
线程分为用户线程和守护线程
虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
public class DaemonThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god=new God();
You you=new You();
Thread thread=new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//设置为保护线程
thread.start();
new Thread(you).start();
}
}
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝守护你");
}
}
}
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的或者");
}
System.out.println("你死了");
}
}
线程不安全案例
售票问题
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station=new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"张一").start();
new Thread(station,"张二").start();
new Thread(station,"张三").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums=10;
boolean flag=true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
return ;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
取钱问题
//不安全取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you=new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend=new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int mowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-你取得钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
mowMoney=mowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+mowMoney);
}
}
不安全集合
//线程不安全集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
同步方法(synchronized)
synchronized默认锁是this
买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station=new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"张一").start();
new Thread(station,"张二").start();
new Thread(station,"张三").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums=10;
boolean flag=true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
return ;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
银行(synchroniezd同步块)
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you=new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend=new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int mowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (account){
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-你取得钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
mowMoney=mowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+mowMoney);
}
}
}
集合
package ThreadSafetyIssues;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized(list) {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
安全集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList)
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
死锁情况
线程死锁是指两个或两个以上的线程互相持有对方所需要的资源,由于synchronized的特性,一个线程持有一个资源,或者说获得一个锁,在该线程释放这个锁之前,其它线程是获取不到这个锁的,而且会一直死等下去,因此这便造成了死锁。
package deadlock;
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup gril1=new Makeup(0,"gril1");
Makeup gril2=new Makeup(1,"gril2");
gril1.start();
gril2.start();
}
}
class Lipstick{
}
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();
int choice;//选择
String girlName;//使用化妆品的人
public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (lipstick){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
Lock锁
Lock是显示锁(手动开启和关闭锁)
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock=new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock).start();
new Thread(testLock).start();
new Thread(testLock).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums=10;
//定义lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try{
//加锁
lock.lock();
if(ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else{
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
线程通信
1.wait();表示线程一直等待,直到其他线程通知,与sleep不同会释放锁
2.wait();指定等待的毫秒数
3.notify()l唤醒一个处于等待的线程
4.notifyAll();唤醒同一个对象上所有调用wait()方法的线程,优先级别高的线程优先调度
生产者消费则问题(管程法)
package ProducerConsumerModel;
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container=new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0 ; i <100 ; i++) {
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"鸡");
container.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了--->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id;
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens=new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count=0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,等待消费者消费
if(chickens.length==count){
//通知消费者消费,生产者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满就将产品丢尽缓冲区
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken=chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
生产者消费则问题(信号灯法)
package ProducerConsumerModel;
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv=new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者---》演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i=0;i<20;i++){
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
}else{
this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者---》观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i=0;i<20;i++){
this.tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品---》节目
class TV{
//演员表演观众等待T
//观众观看演员等待F
String voice;//表演节目
boolean flag=true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
使用线程池
package ThreadPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//参数为线程池大小
ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭连接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}