解释器模式

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1. 类图

• AbstractExpression：解释器接口
• TerminalExpression：终结符解释器，解析句子的结束符
• NonterminalExpression：非终结符解释器，用来实现语法规则中非终结符相关的操作。可以有多种非终结符解释器
• Context：上下文，通常包含各个解释器需要的数据或是公共的功能
• Client：使用解释器的客户端，按照语言的语法表达式转换成使用解释器对象描述的抽象语法树，然后调用解释操作

2. 示例

解释器对给定语法的句子进行解析

对字符串​1 + 2 + 3​进行计算

2.1 解释器接口

public interface IArithmeticExpression {
    int interpreter();
}

2.2 终结符解释器

public class TerminalExpression implements IArithmeticExpression{
    private int value;
    public TerminalExpression(int value){this.value = value;}
    @Override
    public int interpreter() {
        return this.value;
    }
}

2.3 非终结符解释器

// 计算参数的设置
public abstract class NoterminalExpression implements IArithmeticExpression {
    protected IArithmeticExpression left;
    protected IArithmeticExpression right;

    public NoterminalExpression(IArithmeticExpression left, IArithmeticExpression right) {
        this.left = left;
        this.right = right;
    }
}

// 具体计算逻辑的实现
public class AddExpression extends NoterminalExpression{
    public AddExpression(IArithmeticExpression left, IArithmeticExpression right) {
        super(left, right);
    }

    @Override
    public int interpreter() {
        return this.left.interpreter() + this.right.interpreter();
    }
}

2.4 上下文

public class Context {
    private Stack<IArithmeticExpression> stack = new Stack<>();
    private Predicate<String> isOperator = "+"::equals;

    public Context(String expresstion){
        parse(expresstion);
    }

    private void parse(String expresstion) {
        String[] split = expresstion.split(" ");
        IArithmeticExpression left,right;

        for (int i = 0; i < split.length; i++) {
            String element = split[i];
            if (isOperator.test(element)) {
                left = this.stack.pop();
                right = new TerminalExpression(Integer.parseInt(split[++i]));
                AddExpression addExpression = new AddExpression(left, right);
                this.stack.push(addExpression);
            } else {
                TerminalExpression te = new TerminalExpression(Integer.parseInt(element));
                this.stack.push(te);
            }
        }
    }

    public Integer getResult(){return this.stack.pop().interpreter();}
}

2.5 客户端

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new Context("1 + 2 + 3").getResult());
    }
}

3. 优点

• 语法可以灵活扩展

4. 缺点

• 需要构造具体的语法树，不适用于复杂的语法