帧差法框定电梯门区域

这个想法是在做电动车检测的时候想出的，为了确保尽可能减少电梯内的干扰因素，就利用帧差发确定最大连通域值来框定出电梯门的区域，代码如下，希望能够给各位带来用处

import cv2


filename =  r"F:\test\a.mp4"
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(filename)

# 测试用,查看视频帧率和总帧数
# 帧率
fps = camera.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
# 总帧数
frames = camera.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT)
print("fps=", int(fps), "frames=", int(frames))


es = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (9, 4))
background = None
max = 0.0
bounding_boxes = None


for i in range(int(frames)):
    w = 0
    # 读取视频流
    ret, frame = camera.read()
    # 对帧进行预处理，先转灰度图，再进行高斯滤波。
    # 用高斯滤波进行模糊处理，进行处理的原因：每个输入的视频都会因自然震动、光照变化或者摄像头本身等原因而产生噪声。对噪声进行平滑是为了避免在运动和跟踪时将其检测出来。
    gray_lwpCV = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    gray_lwpCV = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray_lwpCV, (21, 21), 0)

    # 将第一帧设置为整个输入的背景
    if background is None:
        background = gray_lwpCV
        continue
    # 对于每个从背景之后读取的帧都会计算其与北京之间的差异，并得到一个差分图（different map）。
    # 还需要应用阈值来得到一幅黑白图像，并通过下面代码来膨胀（dilate）图像，从而对孔（hole）和缺陷（imperfection）进行归一化处理
    diff = cv2.absdiff(background, gray_lwpCV)
    diff = cv2.threshold(diff, 25, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)[1]  # 二值化阈值处理
    diff = cv2.dilate(diff, es, iterations=2)  # 形态学膨胀

    # 显示矩形框
    contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(diff.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)  # 该函数计算一幅图像中目标的轮廓
    for c in contours:
        if cv2.contourArea(c) < 180000:  # 对于矩形区域，只显示大于给定阈值的轮廓，所以一些微小的变化不会显示。对于光照不变和噪声低的摄像头可不设定轮廓最小尺寸的阈值
            continue
        elif cv2.contourArea(c) > 200000:
            continue
        (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)  # 该函数计算矩形的边界框
        if cv2.contourArea(c) > max:
            max = cv2.contourArea(c)
            bounding_boxes = cv2.boundingRect(c)
        cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2)


    SAVE_DIR = './data/'  # 帧文件保存目录

    cv2.imshow('contours', frame)
    cv2.imshow('dis', diff)
    # print(w)
    if w % 1 == 0:
        cv2.imwrite(SAVE_DIR + "/" + str(w)+'.jpg',frame)
        cv2.waitKey(1)
    w = w+1

camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
(x, y, w, h) = bounding_boxes


cap = cv2.VideoCapture(filename)
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MJPG')

#保存截取区域
out = cv2.VideoWriter('result.mp4', fourcc,fps, (w,h))
while(1):
    # get a frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    tmp = frame[y:y+h, x:x+w]
    out.write(tmp)
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
out.release()