Android之RecyclerView的使用总结

1.RecycleView的简介

可以简单理解RecyclerView就是ListView，是一个更高级的ListView。

2.RecyclerView的特点

• 不关心Item显示在正确的位置，以及如何显示。
• 不关心Item之间如何分割。
• 不关注Item的添加和删除的效果。
• 仅仅关注如何回收与复用View。

3.在项目中如何引用

在模块的gradle.build文件中添加如下依赖

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.0.0'

}

4.RecyclerView中关键点说明

1.Adapter

这个Adapter比较特殊，是RecyclerView所特有的，它包括以下几个重要的方法：

public abstract VH onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType);
public abstract void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position);
public abstract int getItemCount();

onCreateViewHolder：用于创建ViewHolder，或者是根据viewType创建ViewHolder。
onBindViewHolder：通过ViewHolder和数据绑定。
getItemCount：获得Item的数量。

2.ViewHolder

一个抽象类，通过继承此类对View进行封装。

3.LayoutManager

布局管理器，用于管理RecyclerView中数据的显示方式。目前主要有三种布局管理器，分别是：

• LinearLayoutManager
• GridLayoutManager
• StaggeredGridLayoutManager

LinearLayoutManager：线性布局管理器，通过使用这个布局就可以实现ListView的效果。可以实现垂直、水平两种方向的ListView效果，默认的是垂直方向的ListView效果。

GridLayoutManager：网格布局管理器,通过使用这个布局管理器可以实现GridView的效果，同样的，它也用垂直和水平两种显示方式。

StaggeredGridLayoutManager：交错网格布局管理器，可以实现具有瀑布流效果的显示，它也是有垂直和水平两种显示方式的。

5.实例讲解

1.使用LinearLayoutManager实现垂直显示的效果

main_activity.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.gjg.learn.recycleviewdemo.MainActivity">


    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/id_recyclerview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"

         >

    </android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private RecyclerView recyclerView;
    private List<String> mDatas;
    private RecyclerAdapter recyclerAdapter;



    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initData();
        recyclerView= (RecyclerView) this.findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview);
        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager=new LinearLayoutManager(this);

        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);

        recyclerAdapter=new RecyclerAdapter(mDatas,this);

        recyclerView.setAdapter(recyclerAdapter);
        //线性布局的分割线
        DividerItemDecoration decoration=new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL_LIST);

        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(decoration);
        // 设置item动画
        recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
        initEvent();
    }

    private void initEvent() {
        recyclerAdapter.setOnItemClickLitener(new RecyclerAdapter.OnItemClickLitener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "你点击了"+mDatas.get(position),
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void onItemLongClick(View view, int position) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "你长按了"+mDatas.get(position),
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initData() {
        mDatas = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 'A'; i < 'z'; i++)
        {
            mDatas.add("字母：" + (char) i);
        }

    }
}

RecyclerAdapter

public class RecyclerAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerAdapter.MyViewHolder> {
    private Context context;
    private List<String> mDatas;

    public RecyclerAdapter(List<String> mDatas,Context context){
        this.mDatas=mDatas;
        this.context=context;

    }

    public interface OnItemClickLitener {
        void onItemClick(View view, int position);
        void onItemLongClick(View view, int position);
    }

    private OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener;

    public void setOnItemClickLitener(OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener) {
        this.mOnItemClickLitener = mOnItemClickLitener;
    }


    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int i) {

        //需要把viewGroup加进去，否则item永远居左显示
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.recyclerview_item, viewGroup, false);
        MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(view);
        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder myViewHolder, int i) {
        myViewHolder.tv.setText(mDatas.get(i));
        // 如果设置了回调，则设置点击事件
        if (mOnItemClickLitener != null)
        {
            //itemView:ViewHolder的一个item
            myViewHolder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
            {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v)
                {
                    int pos = myViewHolder.getLayoutPosition();

                    mOnItemClickLitener.onItemClick(myViewHolder.itemView, pos);

                }
            });

            myViewHolder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener()
            {
                @Override
                public boolean onLongClick(View v)
                {
                    int pos = myViewHolder.getLayoutPosition();

                    mOnItemClickLitener.onItemLongClick(myViewHolder.itemView, pos);

                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mDatas.size();
    }


    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        TextView tv;

        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            tv = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.id_num);
        }
    }
}

DividerItemDecoration

public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
{

    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[] { android.R.attr.listDivider };

    public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;

    public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;



    private Drawable mDivider;

    private int mOrientation;

    public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation)
    {
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
        mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
        setOrientation(orientation);
    }

    public void setOrientation(int orientation)
    {
        if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST)
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");
        }
        mOrientation = orientation;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
    {
        Log.v("itemdecoration", "onDraw()");
         if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
                drawVertical(c, parent);
            } else {
                drawHorizontal(c, parent);
            }
    }

    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
    {
        final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
        final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();

        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
        {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            RecyclerView v = new RecyclerView(
                    parent.getContext());
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
    {
        final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
        final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
        {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
            final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition,
            RecyclerView parent)
    {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST)
        {
            outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
        } else
        {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
        }
    }
}

分割线的样式：

 <style name="MyAppTheme" parent="AppTheme">
        <item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/divider_bg</item>
    </style>

divider_bg

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <gradient android:angle="180"
        android:startColor="#95c247"
        android:centerColor="#ff099494"
        android:endColor="#ea74d3"
        android:type="linear"/>
    <size android:height="2dp"/>
</shape>

运行效果如下：

注意：在View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.recyclerview_item, viewGroup, false);时，需要把viewGroup加进去，否则item永远居左显示。
因为：

inflater在inflate一个xml时，需要知道parent的类型，才能生成对应的LayoutParams，才可以把xml根节点的attrs（如layout_width）读进去，代码如下：
             // android.view.LayoutInflater
            public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
                synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {

                    ...

                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    ...

                }
                如果parent传进去为null，生成的View的LayoutParams为null，在RecyclerView.addView时，发现LayoutParams为null，则生成默认的LayoutParams,

                // android.view.ViewGroup
                protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
                    return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
                }

---

2.使用LinearLayoutManager实现水平显示的效果

只要在MainActivity的onCreateView中添加：
linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
修改
DividerItemDecoration decoration = new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL_LIST);
效果如下：

3.使用GridLayoutManager实现垂直显示的效果

将recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
改为recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,5));
并且修改分割线的样式：
DividerGridItemDecoration decoration=new DividerGridItemDecoration(this);
即可。
效果如下：

4.使用StaggeredGridLayoutManager实现垂直显示的效果

修改成
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,
StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
还有就是，关键是在onBindViewHolder中设置item的高度，高度为随机生成的。
LayoutParams lp = holder.tv.getLayoutParams();
lp.height = mHeights.get(position);
holder.tv.setLayoutParams(lp);
效果如图：