原题
Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:
[
“((()))”,
“(()())”,
“(())()”,
“()(())”,
“()()()”
]
解法
DFS. 先定义左括号和右括号的数量, 然后进行深度优先搜索, 由于需要产生合法的括号, 那么左括号肯定先用完, 剩余的右括号>= 剩余的左括号. edge case是当剩余的右括号<左括号时, 直接返回. 如果不加edge case, 则会出现类似"(()))("的非法括号. 递归终止条件是当左右括号都用完时, 将path加到结果中.
代码
class Solution:
def generateParenthesis(self, n):
"""
:type n: int
:rtype: List[str]
"""
res = []
left, right = n, n
if n == 0:
return res
self.dfs(left, right, '', res)
return res
def dfs(self, left, right, path, res):
# edge case: right must >= left
if right < left:
return
if not left and not right:
res.append(path)
if left:
self.dfs(left-1, right, path+'(', res)
if right:
self.dfs(left, right-1, path+')', res)