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首页 » 经典英文小说 » The Meditations 沉思录 » Book Nine
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Book Nine
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HE WHO acts unjustly acts impiously. For since the universal nature has made rational animals for the sake of one another to help one another according to their deserts, but in no way to injure one another, he who transgresses1 her will, is clearly guilty of impiety2 towards the highest divinity. And he too who lies is guilty of impiety to the same divinity; for the universal nature is the nature of things that are; and things that are have a relation to all things that come into existence. And further, this universal nature is named truth, and is the prime cause of all things that are true. He then who lies intentionally3 is guilty of impiety inasmuch as he acts unjustly by deceiving; and he also who lies unintentionally, inasmuch as he is at variance4 with the universal nature, and inasmuch as he disturbs the order by fighting against the nature of the world; for he fights against it, who is moved of himself to that which is contrary to truth, for he had received powers from nature through the neglect of which he is not able now to distinguish falsehood from truth. And indeed he who pursues pleasure as good, and avoids pain as evil, is guilty of impiety. For of necessity such a man must often find fault with the universal nature, alleging5 that it assigns things to the bad and the good contrary to their deserts, because frequently the bad are in the enjoyment6 of pleasure and possess the things which procure7 pleasure, but the good have pain for their share and the things which cause pain. And further, he who is afraid of pain will sometimes also be afraid of some of the things which will happen in the world, and even this is impiety. And he who pursues pleasure will not abstain8 from injustice9, and this is plainly impiety. Now with respect to the things towards which the universal nature is equally affected10 — for it would not have made both, unless it was equally affected towards both — towards these they who wish to follow nature should be of the same mind with it, and equally affected. With respect to pain, then, and pleasure, or death and life, or honour and dishonour11, which the universal nature employs equally, whoever is not equally affected is manifestly acting12 impiously. And I say that the universal nature employs them equally, instead of saying that they happen alike to those who are produced in continuous series and to those who come after them by virtue13 of a certain original movement of Providence14, according to which it moved from a certain beginning to this ordering of things, having conceived certain principles of the things which were to be, and having determined15 powers productive of beings and of changes and of such like successions.
It would be a man’s happiest lot to depart from mankind without having had any taste of lying and hypocrisy16 and luxury and pride. However to breathe out one’s life when a man has had enough of these things is the next best voyage, as the saying is. Hast thou determined to abide17 with vice18, and has not experience yet induced thee to fly from this pestilence19? For the destruction of the understanding is a pestilence, much more indeed than any such corruption20 and change of this atmosphere which surrounds us. For this corruption is a pestilence of animals so far as they are animals; but the other is a pestilence of men so far as they are men.
Do not despise death, but be well content with it, since this too is one of those things which nature wills. For such as it is to be young and to grow old, and to increase and to reach maturity21, and to have teeth and beard and grey hairs, and to beget22, and to be pregnant and to bring forth23, and all the other natural operations which the seasons of thy life bring, such also is dissolution. This, then, is consistent with the character of a reflecting man, to be neither careless nor impatient nor contemptuous with respect to death, but to wait for it as one of the operations of nature. As thou now waitest for the time when the child shall come out of thy wife’s womb, so be ready for the time when thy soul shall fall out of this envelope. But if thou requirest also a vulgar kind of comfort which shall reach thy heart, thou wilt24 be made best reconciled to death by observing the objects from which thou art going to be removed, and the morals of those with whom thy soul will no longer be mingled26. For it is no way right to be offended with men, but it is thy duty to care for them and to bear with them gently; and yet to remember that thy departure will be not from men who have the same principles as thyself. For this is the only thing, if there be any, which could draw us the contrary way and attach us to life, to be permitted to live with those who have the same principles as ourselves. But now thou seest how great is the trouble arising from the discordance27 of those who live together, so that thou mayest say, Come quick, O death, lest perchance I, too, should forget myself.
He who does wrong does wrong against himself. He who acts unjustly acts unjustly to himself, because he makes himself bad.
He often acts unjustly who does not do a certain thing; not only he who does a certain thing.
Thy present opinion founded on understanding, and thy present conduct directed to social good, and thy present disposition28 of contentment with everything which happens — that is enough.
Wipe out imagination: check desire: extinguish appetite: keep the ruling faculty29 in its own power.
Among the animals which have not reason one life is distributed; but among reasonable animals one intelligent soul is distributed: just as there is one earth of all things which are of an earthy nature, and we see by one light, and breathe one air, all of us that have the faculty of vision and all that have life.
All things which participate in anything which is common to them all move towards that which is of the same kind with themselves. Everything which is earthy turns towards the earth, everything which is liquid flows together, and everything which is of an aerial kind does the same, so that they require something to keep them asunder30, and the application of force. Fire indeed moves upwards31 on account of the elemental fire, but it is so ready to be kindled32 together with all the fire which is here, that even every substance which is somewhat dry, is easily ignited, because there is less mingled with it of that which is a hindrance33 to ignition. Accordingly then everything also which participates in the common intelligent nature moves in like manner towards that which is of the same kind with itself, or moves even more. For so much as it is superior in comparison with all other things, in the same degree also is it more ready to mingle25 with and to be fused with that which is akin34 to it. Accordingly among animals devoid35 of reason we find swarms36 of bees, and herds38 of cattle, and the nurture39 of young birds, and in a manner, loves; for even in animals there are souls, and that power which brings them together is seen to exert itself in the superior degree, and in such a way as never has been observed in plants nor in stones nor in trees. But in rational animals there are political communities and friendships, and families and meetings of people; and in wars, treaties and armistices40. But in the things which are still superior, even though they are separated from one another, unity41 in a manner exists, as in the stars. Thus the ascent42 to the higher degree is able to produce a sympathy even in things which are separated. See, then, what now takes place. For only intelligent animals have now forgotten this mutual43 desire and inclination44, and in them alone the property of flowing together is not seen. But still though men strive to avoid this union, they are caught and held by it, for their nature is too strong for them; and thou wilt see what I say, if thou only observest. Sooner, then, will one find anything earthy which comes in contact with no earthy thing than a man altogether separated from other men.
Both man and God and the universe produce fruit; at the proper seasons each produces it. But if usage has especially fixed45 these terms to the vine and like things, this is nothing. Reason produces fruit both for all and for itself, and there are produced from it other things of the same kind as reason itself.
If thou art able, correct by teaching those who do wrong; but if thou canst not, remember that indulgence is given to thee for this purpose. And the gods, too, are indulgent to such persons; and for some purposes they even help them to get health, wealth, reputation; so kind they are. And it is in thy power also; or say, who hinders thee?
Labour not as one who is wretched, nor yet as one who would be pitied or admired: but direct thy will to one thing only, to put thyself in motion and to check thyself, as the social reason requires.
To-day I have got out of all trouble, or rather I have cast out all trouble, for it was not outside, but within and in my opinions.
All things are the same, familiar in experience, and ephemeral in time, and worthless in the matter. Everything now is just as it was in the time of those whom we have buried.
Things stand outside of us, themselves by themselves, neither knowing aught of themselves, nor expressing any judgement. What is it, then, which does judge about them? The ruling faculty.
Not in passivity, but in activity lie the evil and the good of the rational social animal, just as his virtue and his vice lie not in passivity, but in activity.
For the stone which has been thrown up it is no evil to come down, nor indeed any good to have been carried up.
Penetrate46 inwards into men’s leading principles, and thou wilt see what judges thou art afraid of, and what kind of judges they are of themselves.
All things are changing: and thou thyself art in continuous mutation47 and in a manner in continuous destruction, and the whole universe too.
It is thy duty to leave another man’s wrongful act there where it is.
Termination of activity, cessation from movement and opinion, and in a sense their death, is no evil. Turn thy thoughts now to the consideration of thy life, thy life as a child, as a youth, thy manhood, thy old age, for in these also every change was a death. Is this anything to fear? Turn thy thoughts now to thy life under thy grandfather, then to thy life under thy mother, then to thy life under thy father; and as thou findest many other differences and changes and terminations, ask thyself, Is this anything to fear? In like manner, then, neither are the termination and cessation and change of thy whole life a thing to be afraid of.
Hasten to examine thy own ruling faculty and that of the universe and that of thy neighbour: thy own that thou mayest make it just: and that of the universe, that thou mayest remember of what thou art a part; and that of thy neighbour, that thou mayest know whether he has acted ignorantly or with knowledge, and that thou mayest also consider that his ruling faculty is akin to thine.
As thou thyself art a component48 part of a social system, so let every act of thine be a component part of social life. Whatever act of thine then has no reference either immediately or remotely to a social end, this tears asunder thy life, and does not allow it to be one, and it is of the nature of a mutiny, just as when in a popular assembly a man acting by himself stands apart from the general agreement.
Quarrels of little children and their sports, and poor spirits carrying about dead bodies, such is everything; and so what is exhibited in the representation of the mansions49 of the dead strikes our eyes more clearly.
Examine into the quality of the form of an object, and detach it altogether from its material part, and then contemplate50 it; then determine the time, the longest which a thing of this peculiar51 form is naturally made to endure.
Thou hast endured infinite troubles through not being contented52 with thy ruling faculty, when it does the things which it is constituted by nature to do. But enough of this.
When another blames thee or hates thee, or when men say about thee anything injurious, approach their poor souls, penetrate within, and see what kind of men they are. Thou wilt discover that there is no reason to take any trouble that these men may have this or that opinion about thee. However thou must be well disposed towards them, for by nature they are friends. And the gods too aid them in all ways, by dreams, by signs, towards the attainment53 of those things on which they set a value.
The periodic movements of the universe are the same, up and down from age to age. And either the universal intelligence puts itself in motion for every separate effect, and if this is so, be thou content with that which is the result of its activity; or it puts itself in motion once, and everything else comes by way of sequence in a manner; or indivisible elements are the origin of all things. — In a word, if there is a god, all is well; and if chance rules, do not thou also be governed by it.
Soon will the earth cover us all: then the earth, too, will change, and the things also which result from change will continue to change for ever, and these again for ever. For if a man reflects on the changes and transformations54 which follow one another like wave after wave and their rapidity, he will despise everything which is perishable55.
The universal cause is like a winter torrent56: it carries everything along with it. But how worthless are all these poor people who are engaged in matters political, and, as they suppose, are playing the philosopher! All drivellers. Well then, man: do what nature now requires. Set thyself in motion, if it is in thy power, and do not look about thee to see if any one will observe it; nor yet expect Plato’s Republic: but be content if the smallest thing goes on well, and consider such an event to be no small matter. For who can change men’s opinions? And without a change of opinions what else is there than the slavery of men who groan57 while they pretend to obey? Come now and tell me of Alexander and Philip and Demetrius of Phalerum. They themselves shall judge whether they discovered what the common nature required, and trained themselves accordingly. But if they acted like tragedy heroes, no one has condemned58 me to imitate them. Simple and modest is the work of philosophy. Draw me not aside to indolence and pride.
Look down from above on the countless59 herds of men and their countless solemnities, and the infinitely60 varied61 voyagings in storms and calms, and the differences among those who are born, who live together, and die. And consider, too, the life lived by others in olden time, and the life of those who will live after thee, and the life now lived among barbarous nations, and how many know not even thy name, and how many will soon forget it, and how they who perhaps now are praising thee will very soon blame thee, and that neither a posthumous62 name is of any value, nor reputation, nor anything else.
Let there be freedom from perturbations with respect to the things which come from the external cause; and let there be justice in the things done by virtue of the internal cause, that is, let there be movement and action terminating in this, in social acts, for this is according to thy nature.
Thou canst remove out of the way many useless things among those which disturb thee, for they lie entirely63 in thy opinion; and thou wilt then gain for thyself ample space by comprehending the whole universe in thy mind, and by contemplating64 the eternity65 of time, and observing the rapid change of every several thing, how short is the time from birth to dissolution, and the illimitable time before birth as well as the equally boundless66 time after dissolution.
All that thou seest will quickly perish, and those who have been spectators of its dissolution will very soon perish too. And he who dies at the extremest old age will be brought into the same condition with him who died prematurely67.
What are these men’s leading principles, and about what kind of things are they busy, and for what kind of reasons do they love and honour? Imagine that thou seest their poor souls laid bare. When they think that they do harm by their blame or good by their praise, what an idea!
Loss is nothing else than change. But the universal nature delights in change, and in obedience68 to her all things are now done well, and from eternity have been done in like form, and will be such to time without end. What, then, dost thou say? That all things have been and all things always will be bad, and that no power has ever been found in so many gods to rectify69 these things, but the world has been condemned to be found in never ceasing evil?
The rottenness of the matter which is the foundation of everything! Water, dust, bones, filth70: or again, marble rocks, the callosities of the earth; and gold and silver, the sediments71; and garments, only bits of hair; and purple dye, blood; and everything else is of the same kind. And that which is of the nature of breath is also another thing of the same kind, changing from this to that.
Enough of this wretched life and murmuring and apish tricks. Why art thou disturbed? What is there new in this? What unsettles thee? Is it the form of the thing? Look at it. Or is it the matter? Look at it. But besides these there is nothing. Towards the gods, then, now become at last more simple and better. It is the same whether we examine these things for a hundred years or three.
If any man has done wrong, the harm is his own. But perhaps he has not done wrong.
Either all things proceed from one intelligent source and come together as in one body, and the part ought not to find fault with what is done for the benefit of the whole; or there are only atoms, and nothing else than mixture and dispersion. Why, then, art thou disturbed? Say to the ruling faculty, Art thou dead, art thou corrupted72, art thou playing the hypocrite, art thou become a beast, dost thou herd37 and feed with the rest?
Either the gods have no power or they have power. If, then, they have no power, why dost thou pray to them? But if they have power, why dost thou not pray for them to give thee the faculty of not fearing any of the things which thou fearest, or of not desiring any of the things which thou desirest, or not being pained at anything, rather than pray that any of these things should not happen or happen? for certainly if they can co-operate with men, they can co-operate for these purposes. But perhaps thou wilt say, the gods have placed them in thy power. Well, then, is it not better to use what is in thy power like a free man than to desire in a slavish and abject73 way what is not in thy power? And who has told thee that the gods do not aid us even in the things which are in our power? Begin, then, to pray for such things, and thou wilt see. One man prays thus: How shall I be able to lie with that woman? Do thou pray thus: How shall I not desire to lie with her? Another prays thus: How shall I be released from this? Another prays: How shall I not desire to be released? Another thus: How shall I not lose my little son? Thou thus: How shall I not be afraid to lose him? In fine, turn thy prayers this way, and see what comes.
Epicurus says, In my sickness my conversation was not about my bodily sufferings, nor, says he, did I talk on such subjects to those who visited me; but I continued to discourse74 on the nature of things as before, keeping to this main point, how the mind, while participating in such movements as go on in the poor flesh, shall be free from perturbations and maintain its proper good. Nor did I, he says, give the physicians an opportunity of putting on solemn looks, as if they were doing something great, but my life went on well and happily. Do, then, the same that he did both in sickness, if thou art sick, and in any other circumstances; for never to desert philosophy in any events that may befall us, nor to hold trifling75 talk either with an ignorant man or with one unacquainted with nature, is a principle of all schools of philosophy; but to be intent only on that which thou art now doing and on the instrument by which thou doest it.
When thou art offended with any man’s shameless conduct, immediately ask thyself, Is it possible, then, that shameless men should not be in the world? It is not possible. Do not, then, require what is impossible. For this man also is one of those shameless men who must of necessity be in the world. Let the same considerations be present to thy mind in the case of the knave76, and the faithless man, and of every man who does wrong in any way. For at the same time that thou dost remind thyself that it is impossible that such kind of men should not exist, thou wilt become more kindly77 disposed towards every one individually. It is useful to perceive this, too, immediately when the occasion arises, what virtue nature has given to man to oppose to every wrongful act. For she has given to man, as an antidote78 against the stupid man, mildness, and against another kind of man some other power. And in all cases it is possible for thee to correct by teaching the man who is gone astray; for every man who errs80 misses his object and is gone astray. Besides wherein hast thou been injured? For thou wilt find that no one among those against whom thou art irritated has done anything by which thy mind could be made worse; but that which is evil to thee and harmful has its foundation only in the mind. And what harm is done or what is there strange, if the man who has not been instructed does the acts of an uninstructed man? Consider whether thou shouldst not rather blame thyself, because thou didst not expect such a man to err79 in such a way. For thou hadst means given thee by thy reason to suppose that it was likely that he would commit this error, and yet thou hast forgotten and art amazed that he has erred81. But most of all when thou blamest a man as faithless or ungrateful, turn to thyself. For the fault is manifestly thy own, whether thou didst trust that a man who had such a disposition would keep his promise, or when conferring thy kindness thou didst not confer it absolutely, nor yet in such way as to have received from thy very act all the profit. For what more dost thou want when thou hast done a man a service? Art thou not content that thou hast done something conformable to thy nature, and dost thou seek to be paid for it? Just as if the eye demanded a recompense for seeing, or the feet for walking. For as these members are formed for a particular purpose, and by working according to their several constitutions obtain what is their own; so also as man is formed by nature to acts of benevolence82, when he has done anything benevolent83 or in any other way conducive84 to the common interest, he has acted conformably to his constitution, and he gets what is his own.
点击收听单词发音收听单词发音
1 transgresses aa6ffe894cd70cdeac1f812876c04c39
n.超越( transgress的名词复数 );越过;违反;违背v.超越( transgress的第三人称单数 );越过;违反;违背
参考例句:
If a politician transgresses, that is not the fault of the media. 如果政客行为失检,那可不是媒体的责任。 来自辞典例句
The sea transgresses along the west coast of the island. 海水覆盖了岛屿的西海岸。 来自互联网
2 impiety k41yi
n.不敬;不孝
参考例句:
His last act must be a deed of impiety. 他最后的行为就是这一种不孝。
His remarks show impiety to religion.他的话表现出对宗教的不敬。
3 intentionally 7qOzFn
ad.故意地,有意地
参考例句:
I didn’t say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所,因此没有资格再获得提供住房。
4 variance MiXwb
n.矛盾,不同
参考例句:
The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance. 妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
It is unnatural for brothers to be at variance. 兄弟之间不睦是不近人情的。
5 alleging 16407100de5c54b7b204953b7a851bc3
断言,宣称,辩解( allege的现在分词 )
参考例句:
His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he’d evaded his taxes. 由于报上一篇文章声称他曾逃税,他的名誉受到损害。
This our Peeress declined as unnecessary, alleging that her cousin Thornhill’s recommendation would be sufficient. 那位贵人不肯,还说不必,只要有她老表唐希尔保荐就够了。
6 enjoyment opaxV
n.乐趣;享有;享用
参考例句:
Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同,我们这次访问更加愉快了。
After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话,这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。
7 procure A1GzN
vt.获得,取得,促成;vi.拉皮条
参考例句:
Can you procure some specimens for me?你能替我弄到一些标本吗?
I’ll try my best to procure you that original French novel.我将尽全力给你搞到那本原版法国小说。
8 abstain SVUzq
v.自制,戒绝,弃权,避免
参考例句:
His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.他的医生嘱咐他戒酒。
Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote.三位保守党下院议员投了弃权票。
9 injustice O45yL
n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利
参考例句:
They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。
10 affected TzUzg0
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
11 dishonour dishonour
n./vt.拒付(支票、汇票、票据等);vt.凌辱,使丢脸;n.不名誉,耻辱,不光彩
参考例句:
There’s no dishonour in losing.失败并不是耻辱。
He would rather die than live in dishonour.他宁死不愿忍辱偷生。
12 acting czRzoc
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
Ignore her,she’s just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
13 virtue BpqyH
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
14 providence 8tdyh
n.深谋远虑,天道,天意;远见;节约;上帝
参考例句:
It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事,是违背上帝的意志的。
15 determined duszmP
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
16 hypocrisy g4qyt
n.伪善,虚伪
参考例句:
He railed against hypocrisy and greed.他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。
He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。
17 abide UfVyk
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
18 vice NU0zQ
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
19 pestilence YlGzsG
n.瘟疫
参考例句:
They were crazed by the famine and pestilence of that bitter winter.他们因那年严冬的饥饿与瘟疫而折磨得发狂。
A pestilence was raging in that area. 瘟疫正在那一地区流行。
20 corruption TzCxn
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
参考例句:
The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
21 maturity 47nzh
n.成熟;完成;(支票、债券等)到期
参考例句:
These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。
This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。
22 beget LuVzW
v.引起;产生
参考例句:
Dragons beget dragons,phoenixes beget phoenixes.龙生龙,凤生凤。
Economic tensions beget political ones.经济紧张导致政治紧张。
23 forth Hzdz2
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
24 wilt oMNz5
v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎;(指人)疲倦,衰弱
参考例句:
Golden roses do not wilt and will never need to be watered.金色的玫瑰不枯萎绝也不需要浇水。
Several sleepless nights made him wilt.数个不眠之夜使他憔悴。
25 mingle 3Dvx8
vt.使混合,使相混;vi.混合起来;相交往
参考例句:
If we mingle with the crowd,we should not be noticed.如果我们混在人群中,就不会被注意到。
Oil will not mingle with water.油和水不相融。
26 mingled fdf34efd22095ed7e00f43ccc823abdf
混合,混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 ); 混进,与…交往[联系]
参考例句:
The sounds of laughter and singing mingled in the evening air. 笑声和歌声交织在夜空中。
The man and the woman mingled as everyone started to relax. 当大家开始放松的时候,这一男一女就开始交往了。
27 discordance fc659d05dfeec09078710cbe99d6e2d3
n.不调和,不和,不一致性;不整合;假整合
参考例句:
The structure of and rock extremly complex in the discordance formation system in Karst area. 岩溶地区不整合地层系统之岩土构成复杂。 来自互联网
Objective To analyze environmental factors of the discordance of concomitant strabismus phenotypes in monozygotic twins. 目的通过分析单卵双胎儿表型不一致性共同性斜视发病因素,探讨其发病机制。 来自互联网
28 disposition GljzO
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
参考例句:
He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
29 faculty HhkzK
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句:
He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
30 asunder GVkzU
adj.分离的,化为碎片
参考例句:
The curtains had been drawn asunder.窗帘被拉向两边。
Your conscience,conviction,integrity,and loyalties were torn asunder.你的良心、信念、正直和忠诚都被扯得粉碎了。
31 upwards lj5wR
adv.向上,在更高处…以上
参考例句:
The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。
32 kindled d35b7382b991feaaaa3e8ddbbcca9c46
(使某物)燃烧,着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 ); 激起(感情等); 发亮,放光
参考例句:
We watched as the fire slowly kindled. 我们看着火慢慢地燃烧起来。
The teacher’s praise kindled a spark of hope inside her. 老师的赞扬激起了她内心的希望。
33 hindrance AdKz2
n.妨碍,障碍
参考例句:
Now they can construct tunnel systems without hindrance.现在他们可以顺利地建造隧道系统了。
The heavy baggage was a great hindrance to me.那件行李成了我的大累赘。
34 akin uxbz2
adj.同族的,类似的
参考例句:
She painted flowers and birds pictures akin to those of earlier feminine painters.她画一些同早期女画家类似的花鸟画。
Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。
35 devoid dZzzx
adj.全无的,缺乏的
参考例句:
He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。
The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。
36 swarms 73349eba464af74f8ce6c65b07a6114c
蜂群,一大群( swarm的名词复数 )
参考例句:
They came to town in swarms. 他们蜂拥来到城里。
On June the first there were swarms of children playing in the park. 6月1日那一天,这个公园里有一群群的孩子玩耍。
37 herd Pd8zb
n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起
参考例句:
She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见,只是人云亦云。
38 herds 0a162615f6eafc3312659a54a8cdac0f
兽群( herd的名词复数 ); 牧群; 人群; 群众
参考例句:
Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。
39 nurture K5sz3
n.养育,照顾,教育;滋养,营养品;vt.养育,给与营养物,教养,扶持
参考例句:
The tree grows well in his nurture.在他的培育下这棵树长得很好。
The two sisters had received very different nurture.这俩个姊妹接受过极不同的教育。
40 armistices 8facb36864785b91d7f599c5bda2d3dc
n.停火( armistice的名词复数 );停战;休战协议;停战协议
参考例句:
Hence arose the alternative of armistices and peace. 因此,不是停战就是媾和,二者必取其一。 来自辞典例句
General armistices are usually a combined political and military character. 全面性休战通常同时具有政治与军事性质。 来自互联网
41 unity 4kQwT
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
42 ascent TvFzD
n.(声望或地位)提高;上升,升高;登高
参考例句:
His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。
Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.伯克按动电钮,电梯开始缓慢上升。
43 mutual eFOxC
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
44 inclination Gkwyj
n.倾斜;点头;弯腰;斜坡;倾度;倾向;爱好
参考例句:
She greeted us with a slight inclination of the head.她微微点头向我们致意。
I did not feel the slightest inclination to hurry.我没有丝毫着急的意思。
45 fixed JsKzzj
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
46 penetrate juSyv
v.透(渗)入;刺入,刺穿;洞察,了解
参考例句:
Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。
47 mutation t1PyM
n.变化,变异,转变
参考例句:
People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止,严格来讲,讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
48 component epSzv
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
49 mansions 55c599f36b2c0a2058258d6f2310fd20
n.宅第,公馆,大厦( mansion的名词复数 )
参考例句:
Fifth Avenue was boarded up where the rich had deserted their mansions. 第五大道上的富翁们已经出去避暑,空出的宅第都已锁好了门窗,钉上了木板。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
Oh, the mansions, the lights, the perfume, the loaded boudoirs and tables! 啊,那些高楼大厦、华灯、香水、藏金收银的闺房还有摆满山珍海味的餐桌! 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
50 contemplate PaXyl
vt.盘算,计议;周密考虑;注视,凝视
参考例句:
The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.战争的可能性太可怕了,真不堪细想。
The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.后果不堪设想。
51 peculiar cinyo
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
参考例句:
He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
52 contented Gvxzof
adj.满意的,安心的,知足的
参考例句:
He won’t be contented until he’s upset everyone in the office.不把办公室里的每个人弄得心烦意乱他就不会满足。
The people are making a good living and are contented,each in his station.人民安居乐业。
53 attainment Dv3zY
n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣
参考例句:
We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。
54 transformations dfc3424f78998e0e9ce8980c12f60650
n.变化( transformation的名词复数 );转换;转换;变换
参考例句:
Energy transformations go on constantly, all about us. 在我们周围,能量始终在不停地转换着。 来自辞典例句
On the average, such transformations balance out. 平均起来,这种转化可以互相抵消。 来自辞典例句
55 perishable 9uKyk
adj.(尤指食物)易腐的,易坏的
参考例句:
Many fresh foods are highly perishable.许多新鲜食物都极易腐败。
Fruits are perishable in transit.水果在运送时容易腐烂。
56 torrent 7GCyH
n.激流,洪流;爆发,(话语等的)连发
参考例句:
The torrent scoured a channel down the hillside. 急流沿着山坡冲出了一条沟。
Her pent-up anger was released in a torrent of words.她压抑的愤怒以滔滔不绝的话爆发了出来。
57 groan LfXxU
vi./n.呻吟,抱怨;(发出)呻吟般的声音
参考例句:
The wounded man uttered a groan.那个受伤的人发出呻吟。
The people groan under the burden of taxes.人民在重税下痛苦呻吟。
58 condemned condemned
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。
59 countless 7vqz9L
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
参考例句:
In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
I’ve told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
60 infinitely 0qhz2I
adv.无限地,无穷地
参考例句:
There is an infinitely bright future ahead of us.我们有无限光明的前途。
The universe is infinitely large.宇宙是无限大的。
61 varied giIw9
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
62 posthumous w1Ezl
adj.遗腹的;父亡后出生的;死后的,身后的
参考例句:
He received a posthumous award for bravery.他表现勇敢,死后受到了嘉奖。
The legendary actor received a posthumous achievement award.这位传奇男星在过世后获得终身成就奖的肯定。
63 entirely entirely
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
64 contemplating bde65bd99b6b8a706c0f139c0720db21
深思,细想,仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 ); 注视,凝视; 考虑接受(发生某事的可能性); 深思熟虑,沉思,苦思冥想
参考例句:
You’re too young to be contemplating retirement. 你考虑退休还太年轻。
She stood contemplating the painting. 她站在那儿凝视那幅图画。
65 eternity Aiwz7
n.不朽,来世;永恒,无穷
参考例句:
The dull play seemed to last an eternity.这场乏味的剧似乎演个没完没了。
Finally,Ying Tai and Shan Bo could be together for all of eternity.英台和山伯终能双宿双飞,永世相随。
66 boundless kt8zZ
adj.无限的;无边无际的;巨大的
参考例句:
The boundless woods were sleeping in the deep repose of nature.无边无际的森林在大自然静寂的怀抱中酣睡着。
His gratitude and devotion to the Party was boundless.他对党无限感激、无限忠诚。
67 prematurely nlMzW4
adv.过早地,贸然地
参考例句:
She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产,肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了,不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
68 obedience 8vryb
n.服从,顺从
参考例句:
Society has a right to expect obedience of the law.社会有权要求人人遵守法律。
Soldiers act in obedience to the orders of their superior officers.士兵们遵照上级军官的命令行动。
69 rectify 8AezO
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
70 filth Cguzj
n.肮脏,污物,污秽;淫猥
参考例句:
I don’t know how you can read such filth.我不明白你怎么会去读这种淫秽下流的东西。
The dialogue was all filth and innuendo.这段对话全是下流的言辞和影射。
71 sediments 8b3acb612b624abdf2c2881bc6928565
沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 ); 沉积物
参考例句:
When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后,体积的70-80%是水。
Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。
72 corrupted 88ed91fad91b8b69b62ce17ae542ff45
(使)败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 ); (使)腐化; 引起(计算机文件等的)错误; 破坏
参考例句:
The body corrupted quite quickly. 尸体很快腐烂了。
The text was corrupted by careless copyists. 原文因抄写员粗心而有讹误。
73 abject joVyh
adj.极可怜的,卑屈的
参考例句:
This policy has turned out to be an abject failure.这一政策最后以惨败而告终。
He had been obliged to offer an abject apology to Mr.Alleyne for his impertinence.他不得不低声下气,为他的无礼举动向艾莱恩先生请罪。
74 discourse 2lGz0
n.论文,演说;谈话;话语;vi.讲述,著述
参考例句:
We’ll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。
75 trifling SJwzX
adj.微不足道的;没什么价值的
参考例句:
They quarreled over a trifling matter.他们为这种微不足道的事情争吵。
So far Europe has no doubt, gained a real conveniency,though surely a very trifling one.直到现在为止,欧洲无疑地已经获得了实在的便利,不过那确是一种微不足道的便利。
76 knave oxsy2
n.流氓;(纸牌中的)杰克
参考例句:
Better be a fool than a knave.宁做傻瓜,不做无赖。
Once a knave,ever a knave.一次成无赖,永远是无赖。
77 kindly tpUzhQ
adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地
参考例句:
Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。
78 antidote 4MZyg
n.解毒药,解毒剂
参考例句:
There is no known antidote for this poison.这种毒药没有解药。
Chinese physicians used it as an antidote for snake poison.中医师用它来解蛇毒。
79 err 2izzk
vi.犯错误,出差错
参考例句:
He did not err by a hair’s breadth in his calculation.他的计算结果一丝不差。
The arrows err not from their aim.箭无虚发。
80 errs a5d07f4e80b6cedccaa0d435f383d45a
犯错误,做错事( err的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
Man errs so long as he strives. 人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 来自每日一句
He that talks much errs much. [谚]言多必有失。
81 erred c8b7e9a0d41d16f19461ffc24ded698d
犯错误,做错事( err的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
He erred in his judgement. 他判断错了。
We will work on those who have erred and help them do right. 我们将对犯了错误的人做工作,并帮助他们改正。
82 benevolence gt8zx
n.慈悲,捐助
参考例句:
We definitely do not apply a policy of benevolence to the reactionaries.我们对反动派决不施仁政。
He did it out of pure benevolence. 他做那件事完全出于善意。
83 benevolent Wtfzx
adj.仁慈的,乐善好施的
参考例句:
His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him.他乐善好施的本性使他不会拒绝走上前向他行乞的任何一个乞丐。
He was a benevolent old man and he wouldn’t hurt a fly.他是一个仁慈的老人,连只苍蝇都不愿伤害。
84 conducive hppzk
adj.有益的,有助的
参考例句:
This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。
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