godot游戏引擎自学入门笔记--GDScript语言导论，官方文档翻译（七）

变量与赋值

All variables in a dynamically typed language are “variant”-like. This means that their type is not fixed, and is only modified through assignment. Example:

动态类型语言中的所有变量都是“可变”的。这意味着它们的类型不是固定的，而是通过赋值修改的。例如:

静态语言的：

int a; // Value uninitialized 变量没初始化
a = 5; // This is valid      合法
a = "Hi!"; // This is invalid   不合法

动态语言的：

var a # null by default      默认是空类型
a = 5 # Valid, 'a' becomes an integer      合法，a变成了整型
a = "Hi!" # Valid, 'a' changed to a string   合法，a改变成了字符串型

Functions are of dynamic nature too, which means they can be called with different arguments, for example:

函数参数

函数也是动态的，这意味着它们可以用不同类型的参数调用，比如：

静态语言的:

void print_value(int value) {

    printf("value is %i\n", value);
}

[..]

print_value(55); // Valid
print_value("Hello"); // Invalid

动态语言的：

func print_value(value):
    print(value)

[..]

print_value(55) # Valid
print_value("Hello") # Valid

指针与引用

In static languages, such as C or C++ (and to some extent Java and C#), there is a distinction between a variable and a pointer/reference to a variable. The latter allows the object to be modified by other functions by passing a reference to the original one.

在静态语言(如C或C++)(以及在Java和C#一定程度上)，变量和指针/引用与变量之间存在区别。后者通过传递对原始函数的引用，允许其他函数修改对象。

In C# or Java, everything not a built-in type (int, float, sometimes String) is always a pointer or a reference. References are also garbage-collected automatically, which means they are erased when no longer used. Dynamically typed languages tend to use this memory model, too. Some Examples:

在C# 或Java中，不是内置类型(int，float，有时的String)的任何东西都是指针或引用。引用也是自动内存垃圾回收，这意味着它们在不再使用时被删除。动态类型的语言也倾向于使用这种内存模型。示例：

C++

void use_class(SomeClass *instance) {

    instance->use();
}

void do_something() {

    SomeClass *instance = new SomeClass; // Created as pointer
    use_class(instance); // Passed as pointer
    delete instance; // Otherwise it will leak memory
}

JAVA

@Override
public final void use_class(SomeClass instance) {

    instance.use();
}

public final void do_something() {

    SomeClass instance = new SomeClass(); // Created as reference
    use_class(instance); // Passed as reference
    // Garbage collector will get rid of it when not in
    // use and freeze your game randomly for a second
}