1.1 属性依赖注入
依赖注入方式:手动装配 和 自动装配
手动装配:一般进行配置信息都采用手动
基于xml装配:构造方法、setter方法
基于注解装配:
自动装配:struts和spring 整合可以自动装配
byType:按类型装配
byName:按名称装配
constructor:构造装配,
auto: 不确定装配。
一.构造方法注入
User.java
public class User {
private Integer uid;
private String username;
private Integer age;
public User(Integer uid, String username) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.username = username;
}
public User(String username, Integer age) {
super();
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 构造方法注入
* <constructor-arg> 用于配置构造方法一个参数argument
name :参数的名称
value:设置普通数据
ref:引用数据,一般是另一个bean id值
index :参数的索引号,从0开始 。如果只有索引,匹配到了多个构造方法时,默认使用第一个。
type :确定参数类型
例如:使用名称name
<constructor-arg name="username" value="jack"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
例如2:【类型type 和 索引 index】
<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg>
-->
<bean id="userId" class="com.itheima.f_xml.a_constructor.User" >
<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
二.property属性注入
User.java
package com.zk.myspring;
public class User {
private Integer uid;
private String username;
private Integer age;
public Integer getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(Integer uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [uid=" + uid + ", username=" + username + ", age=" + age
+ "]";
}
public User(Integer uid, String username, Integer age) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
public User() {
super();
}
}
Test.java
package com.zk.myspring;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
String path="/com/zk/myspring/ApplicationContext.xml";
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
User user=(User) ac.getBean("UserId");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User">
<!--
setter方法注入:
普通数据:
<property name="" value="值">
等效
<property name="">
<value>
值
</value>
</property>
引用数据
<property name="" ref="另一个bean">
</property>
等效
<property name="">
<ref bean="" />
</property>
-->
<property name="username" value="jack"></property>
<property name="uid" value="1"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<!-- p命名空间,对setter方法注入进行简化,替换<property name="属性名">,而是在<bean 属性名="普通值"> -->
</bean>
</beans>
ApplicationContext的p命名空间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User" p:uid="1" p:age="24" p:username="zk" p:company-ref="company1"></bean>
<bean id="company1" class="com.zk.myspring.Company" p:name="computer science" p:address="徐州市中国矿业大学计算机科学与技术学院">
</bean>
</beans>
三.集合属性注入
CollData.java
package com.zk.myspringcoll;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class CollData {
private String[] arrayData;
private List<String> listData;
private Set<String> setData;
private Map<String,String> mapData;
private Properties propersData;
public String[] getArrayData() {
return arrayData;
}
public void setArrayData(String[] arrayData) {
this.arrayData = arrayData;
}
public List<String> getListData() {
return listData;
}
public void setListData(List<String> listData) {
this.listData = listData;
}
public Set<String> getSetData() {
return setData;
}
public void setSetData(Set<String> setData) {
this.setData = setData;
}
public Map<String, String> getMapData() {
return mapData;
}
public void setMapData(Map<String, String> mapData) {
this.mapData = mapData;
}
public Properties getPropersData() {
return propersData;
}
public void setPropersData(Properties propersData) {
this.propersData = propersData;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollData [arrayData=" + Arrays.toString(arrayData)
+ ", \nlistData=" + listData + ", \nsetData=" + setData
+ ", \nmapData=" + mapData + ", \nproperties=" + propersData + "]";
}
}
Test.java
package com.zk.myspringcoll;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestColl {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
CollData colldata=(CollData) ac.getBean("CollData");
System.out.println(colldata);
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!--
集合注入都是给<property>添加子标签
数组:<array>
List:<List>
Set:<set>
Map:<map>
Properties:<props><prop key="">value</prop></props>
普通数据:<value>
引用数据:<ref>
-->
<bean id="CollData" class="com.zk.myspringcoll.CollData">
<property name="arrayData">
<array>
<value>DS</value>
<value>DZD</value>
<value>屌丝</value>
<value>吊中吊</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="listData">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
<value>list3</value>
<value>list4</value>
<value>list5</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="setData">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
<value>set3</value>
<value>set4</value>
<value>set5</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="mapData">
<map>
<entry key="1" value="value1"></entry>
<entry key="2" value="value2"></entry>
<entry key="3" value="value3"></entry>
<entry key="4" value="value4"></entry>
<entry key="5" value="value5"></entry>
<!--
<entry>
<key><value>6</value></key>
<value>value6</value>
</entry>
-->
</map>
</property>
<property name="propersData">
<props>
<prop key="高富帅">嫐</prop>
<prop key="白富美">嬲</prop>
<prop key="屌丝">挊</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
四.自动装配bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 自动装配(用的不多):
byName按名称自动匹配(即要装配的bean中的属性名称和配置中的bean名称相同就会自动装配,如UserService类中的属性和userDAO的bean名称相同就自动装配)
byType按类型自动匹配 (即要装配的bean中的属性类型和配置中的bean的类型相同就会自动装配,如UserService类中的属性类型和userDAO的bean类型相同就自动装配)
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.zk.myspring.User" autowire="default">
</bean>
</beans>
自动装配-byName
employee.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employee {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Double Salary;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Double getSalary() {
return Salary;
}
public void setSalary(Double salary) {
Salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
+ "]";
}
}
employer.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employer {
private String name;
private employee e1;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public employee getE1() {
return e1;
}
public void setE1(employee e1) {
this.e1 = e1;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "老板"+name + "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byName">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
MainApp.java
package MainApp;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zk.company.employer;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
System.out.println(er1.toString());
}
}
运行结果:
自动装配-byType
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byType">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
五.使用注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
</beans>
六.扫描包名+配合注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bjsxt"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
七.内部Bean
employer.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employer {
private String name;
private employee e1;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public employee getE1() {
return e1;
}
public void setE1(employee e1) {
this.e1 = e1;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "老板"+name + "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
}
}
employee.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employee {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Double Salary;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Double getSalary() {
return Salary;
}
public void setSalary(Double salary) {
Salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
+ "]";
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="employee1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
<property name="e1" ref="employee1"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
Main.java
package MainApp;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zk.company.employer;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
System.out.println(er1.toString());
}
}
运行结果: