转置
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5]],dtype='float')
# array([[ 1., 2., 3.],
[ 3., 4., 5.]])
a.T
# array([[ 1., 3.],
[ 2., 4.],
[ 3., 5.]])
a = np.array([[[1,2,3,0],[3,4,5,2]]])
# array([[[1, 2, 3, 0],
[3, 4, 5, 2]]])
# array([[[1, 3],
[2, 4],
[3, 5],
[0, 2]]])
# a.transpose可以指定到底要怎么变换:比如原来是 [1,2,4],可以指定转变的方式 [0,2,1]
# 这个 [0,2,1] 的意思是 第一个维度不变,后两个维度交换,那么形状就变成了 [1,4,2]
求逆矩阵
# 求逆矩阵
# This calculates the inverse of a matrix
>>>from numpy.linalg import inv
>>>a = np.array([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
>>>inv(a)
array([[-2. , 1. ],
[ 1.5, -0.5]])
>>>ainv = inv(a)
# here is to check if np.dot(a, ainv) equals to I matrix A * A逆 =
>>>np.allclose(np.dot(a, ainv), np.eye(2))
True
求特征值
#求特征值
>>>from numpy.linalg import *
>>>a = np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5]],dtype='float')
>>>np.linalg.eig(np.dot(a.T,a))
(array([6.36227766e+01, 3.77223398e-01, 1.16614561e-15]),
array([[-0.39133557, -0.8247362 , 0.40824829],
[-0.5605708 , -0.13817999, -0.81649658],
[-0.72980603, 0.54837623, 0.40824829]]))
求对角和
# Return the sum along diagonals of the array.求对角和
>>>a = np.array([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
>>>np.trace(a)
5.0
交换行列
# Return a view of the array with `axis1` and `axis2` interchanged.
>>>a = np.array([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
>>>a.swapaxes(1,0)
array([[ 1., 3.],
[ 2., 4.]])
计算数组中非负数出现的次数
# Count number of occurrences of each value in array of non-negative ints.
>>>np.bincount(np.array([0, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 7]))
array([1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], dtype=int64)
Universal Functions
>>>a = np.arange(10)
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>>np.exp(a)
array([1.00000000e+00, 2.71828183e+00, 7.38905610e+00, 2.00855369e+01,
5.45981500e+01, 1.48413159e+02, 4.03428793e+02, 1.09663316e+03,
2.98095799e+03, 8.10308393e+03])
>>>np.sqrt(a)
array([ 0. , 1. , 1.41421356, 1.73205081, 2. ,
2.23606798, 2.44948974, 2.64575131, 2.82842712, 3. ])
>>>b = np.random.randn(10)
array([-0.16569888, 0.59625817, -0.79988162, 2.21359273, -0.69462344,
0.61648668, 0.09869501, -0.22239437, -1.155591 , -0.5204446 ])
>>>c = np.random.randn(10).reshape(2,5)
array([[ 0.57416664, -0.0885477 , -0.53258925, 0.64967919, -2.6187962 ],
[ 0.74204145, 0.13735184, 0.4516909 , 0.66379306, -0.08035595]])
>>>np.add(b,c)
array([-0.44751905, 0.02907221, 2.2269195 , -1.54937333, 1.60076085,
2.03151324, -1.4535573 , -1.37325156, -1.45352241, -2.76061538])