C++11自制读写锁

在C++17之前没有 std::shared_mutex，因此许多开发者采用 std::mutex 与 std::condition_variable 的方式实现读写锁。不过在使用的过程中需要谨慎，确保线程安全性。为了避免死锁问题，需要优先获取读锁，再获取写锁。具体的实现可以参考以下代码：

class RWMutex {
public:
RWMutex() : writer(false), reader_count(0) {}
~RWMutex() = default;

void lock_read() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
    while (writer) {
        cond.wait(lock);
    }
    reader_count++;
}

void lock_write() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
    while (writer || reader_count > 0) {
        cond.wait(lock);
    }
    writer = true;
}

void unlock_read() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
    reader_count--;
    if (reader_count == 0) {
        cond.notify_one();
    }
}

void unlock_write() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
    writer = false;
    cond.notify_all();
}

private:
std::mutex mutex;
std::condition_variable cond;
bool writer;
int reader_count;
};