OpenGL FBO (Frame Buffer Object) 帧缓冲对象

OpenGL中的几个重要缓冲系统有VBO(Vertex Buffer Object), PBO(Pixel Buffer Object),FBO(Frame Buffer Object)，其中VBO和PBO我们前面已经介绍了，主要采用的是glGenBuffers()来生成的服务器缓冲（GPU的内存），来实现高效绘制。FBO主要是用来做离屏渲染的，咱们的窗口系统有默认的帧缓冲对象（其对象值默认为0），如果想实现动态纹理的绘制，或者多屏的同时渲染，这时咱们可以使用帧缓冲对象，帧缓冲对象和像素缓冲对象是实现动态纹理的两个主要途径，使用帧缓冲对象的过程如下：

1.生成帧缓冲对象 glGenFrameBuffer()

2.绑定，使我们生成的帧缓冲对象作为当前的帧缓冲绘制对象。glBindFrameBuffer()

3.给帧缓冲区配置颜色、深度测试、模板测试缓冲区。其中颜色缓冲区可以有多个，颜色缓冲区主要是通过和纹理对象来结合使用，深度测试、模板测试缓冲区是通过帧缓冲区渲染对象来实现(glGenRenderBuffers() , glBindRenderBuffer() )

4.在绑定好的当前帧缓冲区上进行绘制。

5.将绑定到帧缓冲区对象的共享纹理取出，用于其他绘制操作。也可以直接通过glBlitFrameBuffer()来拷贝对应的渲染缓冲区，拷贝之前需要通过glBindFrameBuffer()操作将源帧缓冲区绑定为GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER,将目的缓冲区绑定为GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER(或则GL_FRAME_BUFFER)。

如下是我写的一个帧缓冲对象的示例。大家可以看看。

// framebuffer.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "glew32.lib")
using namespace std;
GLuint framebuffer = 0;
GLuint texture = 0;
enum 
{
	vertex_buffer = 0,
	coord_buffer,
	idx_buffer,
	vbo_buffer_size,
};
GLuint vboBuffer[vbo_buffer_size] = {0};

void init()
{
 	glGenFramebuffers(1,&framebuffer);
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);

	glGenTextures(1,&texture);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,100,100,0,GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);

	glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, 
		GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture, 0);
	std::cout<<glGetError()<<std::endl;
	assert(GLEW_NO_ERROR == glGetError());

	GLenum r = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
	if (r != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
		std::cout<<"r="<<r;

	float vertex[][3] = {
		{-4,-4,0},{-4,4,0},
		{4,4,0},{4,-4,0}
	};
	float coord[][2] =
	{
		{0,0},{0,1},
		{1,1},{1,0},
	};
	GLubyte index[] = {0,1,2,3};

	glGenBuffers(vbo_buffer_size, vboBuffer);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboBuffer[vertex_buffer]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(float)*4*3,vertex, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,0);
	
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboBuffer[coord_buffer]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(float)*4*2,coord, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glTexCoordPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,0,0);
	
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboBuffer[idx_buffer]);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(GLubyte)*4, index,GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
	glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
	
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	GLenum fff = glGetError();
	assert(glGetError() == 0);
}

void display()
{
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
 	glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
 	glPushMatrix();
 	glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0,1.0f);
 	glViewport(0,0,100,100);
 	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 	glLoadIdentity();
 	glOrtho(-5,5,-5,5,-5,5);
 	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 	glLoadIdentity();
 	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 	glColor3f(0,0,1);
 	glRectf(-5,-5,0,5);
	glColor3f(1,1,0);
	glRectf(0,-5, 5,5);
 	glPopMatrix();
 	glPopAttrib();

//	glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); 
	glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
	glPushMatrix();
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture);
	glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	glViewport(0,0,100,100);
 	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 	glLoadIdentity();
 	glOrtho(-5,5,-5,5,-5,5);
 	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 	glLoadIdentity();
 	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 	glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
 	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 4);
	
//	glBlitFramebuffer(0,0,100,100,0,0,100,100,GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_NEAREST);
	glPopMatrix();
	glPopAttrib();

	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
	glutSwapBuffers();
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	std::vector<int> bits;
	std::vector<int> enums;
	std::vector<std::string> types;

	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGBA);
	glutInitWindowSize(100,100);
	glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
	glutCreateWindow("Frame Buffer Object");
	assert(glewInit() == 0);

	init();
	glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
	glutDisplayFunc(display);

	glutMainLoop();
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

运行效果图：