Linux上如何扩展磁盘?
有两种情况:
1、当有一个空间充足的盘时,可以直接使用fdisk -m来将磁盘分区,然后格式化,最后mount使用即可
[root@cimdb:/dev] fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
================================================================================================
2、当每个磁盘空间较小,现在需要将这些小盘组合成一个大的空间来使用,需要使用到逻辑卷组管理来将这些小盘空间拼接在一起
假设现在有/dev/sdb 1G ,/dev/sdc 1G ,/dev/sdd 1G ,/dev/sde 2G ,/dev/sdf 10G盘已经划好,需要使用lvm 来管理。
[root@cimdb:~] fdisk -l 查看系统中有哪些盘没有分区
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdb 将/dev/sdb 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb"
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] pvdisplay 查看系统中的物理卷信息
"/dev/asm-diskb" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/asm-diskb
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FlLxh4-PGff-Yoqd-SfKE-vKHe-iDLx-7rxQaE
[root@cimdb:~] vgcreate VolGroup00 /dev/sdb 创建一个物理卷组VolGroup00
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgdisplay 查看系统中的物理卷组信息
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1024.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 255
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 255 / 1024.00 MB
VG UUID Ar3Ono-eb6V-6otn-SDm3-wqSR-4cif-1SS6nA
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdc 将/dev/sdc 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskd"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskd" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdc 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdd 将/dev/sdd 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskd"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskd" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdd 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sde 将/dev/sde 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskf"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskf" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sde 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdf 将/dev/sdf 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskf"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskf" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdf 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 7
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 7
Act PV 7
VG Size 15.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 7929
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 7929 / 15.00 GB
VG UUID Ar3Ono-eb6V-6otn-SDm3-wqSR-4cif-1SS6nA
[root@cimdb:~] lvcreate -L 15G -n Logvol00 VolGroup00 从物理卷组VolGroup00中分配15G的容量来创建一个逻辑卷,供系统使用
Logical volume "Logvol00" created
[root@cimdb:~] lvdisplay 查看逻辑卷的信息
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/Logvol00
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID JxbpLG-dK3A-EvzE-cJOP-mpoD-OXEf-8cEwDq
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 15.00 GB
Current LE 7680
Segments 7
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@cimdb:/dev/VolGroup00] mkfs.ext2 /dev/VolGroup00/Logvol00 使用mkfs.ext来格式化逻辑卷
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
3932160 inodes, 7864320 blocks
393216 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@cimdb:/] mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-Logvol00 /u01 将刚才添加的逻辑卷挂载在/u01目录下,供系统调用
[root@cimdb:/] df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 5.9G 3.6G 2.0G 66% /
/dev/sda6 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.2G 8.0G 13% /home
/dev/sda2 30G 26G 1.8G 94% /oracle
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-Logvol00 15G 44M 28G 1% /u01 ---已经挂载OK
============================================================================================================
卸载之前挂载的目录:
[root@cimdb:/] umount -l /u01
有两种情况:
1、当有一个空间充足的盘时,可以直接使用fdisk -m来将磁盘分区,然后格式化,最后mount使用即可
[root@cimdb:/dev] fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
================================================================================================
2、当每个磁盘空间较小,现在需要将这些小盘组合成一个大的空间来使用,需要使用到逻辑卷组管理来将这些小盘空间拼接在一起
假设现在有/dev/sdb 1G ,/dev/sdc 1G ,/dev/sdd 1G ,/dev/sde 2G ,/dev/sdf 10G盘已经划好,需要使用lvm 来管理。
[root@cimdb:~] fdisk -l 查看系统中有哪些盘没有分区
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdb 将/dev/sdb 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb"
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] pvdisplay 查看系统中的物理卷信息
"/dev/asm-diskb" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/asm-diskb
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FlLxh4-PGff-Yoqd-SfKE-vKHe-iDLx-7rxQaE
[root@cimdb:~] vgcreate VolGroup00 /dev/sdb 创建一个物理卷组VolGroup00
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgdisplay 查看系统中的物理卷组信息
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1024.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 255
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 255 / 1024.00 MB
VG UUID Ar3Ono-eb6V-6otn-SDm3-wqSR-4cif-1SS6nA
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdc 将/dev/sdc 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskd"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskd" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdc 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdd 将/dev/sdd 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskd"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskd" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdd 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sde 将/dev/sde 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskf"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskf" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sde 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] pvcreate /dev/sdf 将/dev/sdf 创建成一个物理卷
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/asm-diskf"
Physical volume "/dev/asm-diskf" successfully created
[root@cimdb:~] vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdf 对物理卷组进行扩展
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@cimdb:~] vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 7
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 7
Act PV 7
VG Size 15.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 7929
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 7929 / 15.00 GB
VG UUID Ar3Ono-eb6V-6otn-SDm3-wqSR-4cif-1SS6nA
[root@cimdb:~] lvcreate -L 15G -n Logvol00 VolGroup00 从物理卷组VolGroup00中分配15G的容量来创建一个逻辑卷,供系统使用
Logical volume "Logvol00" created
[root@cimdb:~] lvdisplay 查看逻辑卷的信息
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/Logvol00
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID JxbpLG-dK3A-EvzE-cJOP-mpoD-OXEf-8cEwDq
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 15.00 GB
Current LE 7680
Segments 7
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@cimdb:/dev/VolGroup00] mkfs.ext2 /dev/VolGroup00/Logvol00 使用mkfs.ext来格式化逻辑卷
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
3932160 inodes, 7864320 blocks
393216 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@cimdb:/] mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-Logvol00 /u01 将刚才添加的逻辑卷挂载在/u01目录下,供系统调用
[root@cimdb:/] df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 5.9G 3.6G 2.0G 66% /
/dev/sda6 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.2G 8.0G 13% /home
/dev/sda2 30G 26G 1.8G 94% /oracle
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-Logvol00 15G 44M 28G 1% /u01 ---已经挂载OK
============================================================================================================
卸载之前挂载的目录:
[root@cimdb:/] umount -l /u01