方案1:临时挂载扩容(只可使用指定目录存储)
1.fdisk -l
2.fdisk /dev/xxxx
new分区,定义编号1,分区大小默认,w保存
3.mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xxxx
4.mount /dev/sdb1 /要挂载的目录
5.开机自动挂载vi /etc/fstab
添加/dev/xxxx /要挂载的目录 ext3 defaults 0 1
方案2:永久扩容到原存储结构
主要命令df,fdisk,du
物理卷操作:pvdisplay,pvcreate
逻辑卷组操作:vgdisplay,vgextend
逻辑卷操作:lvdisplay,lvresize
文件系统刷新大小:xfs_growfs,resize2fs
1.扩容原有逻辑卷
2.虚拟机扩展原有硬盘或者物理设备/虚拟机添加新的硬盘
3.使用fdisk -l
命令查看磁盘信息。当看到第一行Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB与实际df -h
显示内容不符时,说明增加磁盘成功了。
root@ubuntu14:/opt# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备 启动 起点 终点 块数 Id 系统
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/vda5 501760 62912511 31205376 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root: 29.8 GB, 29804724224 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3623 cylinders, total 58212352 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-swap_1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders, total 4194304 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
4.使用fdisk /dev/vda
, 创建新分区。
注意:不同操作系统的磁盘命名方式不同,有些是/dev/sda。具体使用方式参考第三步中
fdisk -l
首行显示Disk。如笔者在该系统中首行显示为Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes ,故使用命令fdisk /dev/vda
)
按照下面Linux操作进行分区。
root@ubuntu14:/opt# fdisk /dev/vda
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号
起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 499712
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757):
将使用默认值 501757
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Selected partition 4 #分区序号
起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 62912512
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799):
将使用默认值 314572799
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t #修改分区格式
分区号 (1-5): 4 #修改分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备 启动 起点 终点 块数 Id 系统
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/vda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux
/dev/vda4 62912512 314572799 125830144 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda5 501760 62912511 31205376 8e Linux LVM
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
5. 重启Linux操作系统,使用reboot
命令。
6. 创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/vda4
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# pvcreate /dev/vda4
Physical volume "/dev/vda4" successfully created
7.查看新建的物理卷和大小,使用pvdisplay
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vda5
VG Name ubuntu14-vg
PV Size 29.76 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7618
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 7618
PV UUID XR32TY-aRQC-IQC6-oCx7-aa9X-KdJe-bHmaBd
"/dev/vda4" is a new physical volume of "120.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vda4
VG Name
PV Size 120.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MVK0IT-LDgP-eWwZ-fzQM-tdyY-4kRQ-nbk122
8. 将添加新的物理卷,加载到ubuntu14-vg卷组,使用vgextend ubuntu14-vg /dev/vda4
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# vgextend ubuntu14-vg /dev/vda4
Volume group "ubuntu14-vg" successfully extended
9. 查看卷组信息,使用vgdisplay
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu14-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 149.76 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 38338
Alloc PE / Size 7618 / 29.76 GiB
Free PE / Size 30720 / 120.00 GiB
VG UUID cq2Z6G-P6j1-S2gM-mibz-d63V-NjkS-dHYe7D
10.增加ubuntu14-vg大小,增加120G。使用lvresize -L +120G /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# lvresize -L +120G /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
Extending logical volume root to 147.76 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resized
11. 重新识别ubuntu14-vg大小,使用resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 10
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root is now 38733824 blocks long.
12.查看扩容后的大小 ,使用df -h
命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 146G 23G 117G 17% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 799M 388K 799M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/dev/vda1 236M 37M 188M 17% /boot
当看到/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 已经更新到新的大小时,则表示增加成功。