OpenCV直方图

 cv2.calHist(images, channels, mask, histSize, ranges)

•     images：原图图像为uint8或float，当传入函数时，用括号[]
•     channels：灰度图：[0] 彩色图：[0][1][2]分别对应着BGR
•     mask：掩模图像
•     histSize：BIN的数目，用中括号
•     ranges：像素值范围

img = cv2.imread('cat1.png', 0) #0表示灰度图
hist = cv2.calcHist([img], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

plt.hist(img.ravel(), 256)
plt.show()

img = cv2.imread('cat.png') 
color = ('b', 'g', 'r')
for i, col in enumerate(color):
    histr = cv2.calcHist([img], [i], None, [256], [0, 256])
    plt.plot(histr, color = col)
    plt.xlim([0, 256])

 mask操作

#创建mask
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.uint8)
mask[100:300, 100:400] = 255

img = cv2.imread('cat.png', 0)
masked_img = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=mask)

hist_full = cv2.calcHist([img], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])
hist_mask = cv2.calcHist([img], [0], mask, [256], [0, 256])

plt.subplot(221), plt.imshow(img, 'gray')
plt.subplot(222), plt.imshow(mask, 'gray')
plt.subplot(223), plt.imshow(masked_img, 'gray')
plt.subplot(224), plt.plot(hist_full), plt.plot(hist_mask)
plt.xlim([0, 256])
plt.show()