centos7.5离线安装postgresql14和postgis

1.下载所需要的包RepoView: PostgreSQL PGDG 14 Updates RPMs（需要下载的包都放在root下即可）
下载地址RepoView：PostgreSQL PGDG 更新 RPM

下载下面三个包：
postgresql14-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
postgresql14-libs-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
postgresql14-server-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

2.按照以下顺序安装rpm包

rpm -ivh postgresql14-libs-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql14-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql14-server-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

可能出现的问题：安装过程中提示libicu报错，则需要安装libicu包：libicu包下载地址
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm

3.初始化Postgresql

ps:因为安装好后postgres用户默认没有密码，需要切换root用户设置密码，不然无法切换用户。

sudo -i  //切换root用户
passwd postgres #重设密码
mkdir -p /home/pgsql/14/data
chown -R postgres:postgres /home/pgsql   //改文件夹所有者
chmod -R 777 /data/pgsql                //赋权
su - postgres
/usr/pgsql-14/bin/initdb -D /home/pgsql/14/data #以指定数据目录初始化

4.修改配置
1）修改远程访问

vi /home/pgsql/14/data/postgresql.conf

需要修改的参数项：

listen_addresses = '*' //配置为允许远程访问
port = 6432 //将前面的#号删掉，默认端口5432，我的是8432，按实际情况修改
max_connections = 2000 //设置最大连接数2000，默认100
shared_buffers = 1024MB //默认128MB，此参数决定有多少内存可以被PostgreSQL用于缓存数据
maintenance_work_mem = 256MB //默认64MB，数据库一个操作的内存使用上限

2)配置客户端

vim /home/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf

将访问数据库的客户端IP增加一行

host        all        all        0.0.0.0/0       md5

3）修改service文件

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system //进入system下
vim postgresql-14.service

修改数据存储目录

Environment=PGDATA=/home/pgsql/14/data

psql连接数据库socket报错：

[root@pms3ecs02 ~]# psql -U postgres
psql: error: connection to server on socket "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: No such file or directory
Is the server running locally and accepting connections on that socket?

例如更改数据库的端口为6432，则软连接：

ln -s /run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.6432  /run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432

5.刷新并重启

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start postgresql-14

————————————————

安装postgis

外网机下载安装包和依赖：

1：添加仓库源

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

2：下载对应pg版本兼容的gis

yum install -y yum-utils 
yum search postgis 

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
========================================================================================================== N/S matched: postgis ===========================================================================================================
postgis-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis25_12-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis25_12-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis25_12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis25_12-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis25_12-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis30_12-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis30_12-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis30_12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis30_12-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis30_12-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis30_13-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis30_13-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis30_13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis30_13-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis30_13-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis31_12-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis31_12-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis31_12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis31_12-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis31_12-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis31
postgis31_12-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis31_13-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis31_13-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis31_13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis31_13-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis31_13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis31
postgis31_13-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis31_14-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis31_14-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis31_14-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis31_14-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis31_14-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis31
postgis31_14-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis32_12-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis32_12-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis32_12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis32_12-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis32_12-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis32
postgis32_12-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis32_13-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis32_13-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis32_13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis32_13-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis32_13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis32
postgis32_13-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis32_14-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis32_14-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis32_14-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis32_14-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis32_14-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis32
postgis32_14-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis32_15-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis32_15-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis32_15-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis32_15-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis32_15-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis32
postgis32_15-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis33_12-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis33_12-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis33_12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis33_12-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis33_12-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis33
postgis33_12-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis33_13-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis33_13-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis33_13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis33_13-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis33_13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis33
postgis33_13-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis33_14-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis33_14-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis33_14-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis33_14-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis33_14-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis33
postgis33_14-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
postgis33_15-client.x86_64 : Client tools and their libraries of PostGIS
postgis33_15-devel.x86_64 : Development headers and libraries for PostGIS
postgis33_15-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostGIS
postgis33_15-gui.x86_64 : GUI for PostGIS
postgis33_15-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for postgis33
postgis33_15-utils.x86_64 : The utils for PostGIS
SFCGAL.x86_64 : C++ wrapper library around CGAL for PostGIS
pgrouting_12.x86_64 : Routing functionality for PostGIS
pgrouting_13.x86_64 : Routing functionality for PostGIS
pgrouting_14.x86_64 : Routing functionality for PostGIS
pgrouting_15.x86_64 : Routing functionality for PostGIS
postgis.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis25_12.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis30_12.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis30_13.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis31_12.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis31_13.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis31_14.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis32_12.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis32_13.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis32_14.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis32_15.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis33_12.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis33_13.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis33_14.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
postgis33_15.x86_64 : Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /tmp/  postgis32_14
[root@192-168-31-195 tmp]# ll
total 73380
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36921 Jun  3  2022 armadillo-10.8.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  103424 Feb 17  2014 arpack-3.1.3-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4699420 Aug 10  2017 atlas-3.10.1-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  408548 Aug 10  2017 blas-3.4.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   53176 Apr  4  2020 boost-date-time-1.53.0-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  173480 Apr  4  2020 boost-serialization-1.53.0-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   40732 Apr  4  2020 boost-system-1.53.0-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   58924 Apr  4  2020 boost-thread-1.53.0-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  540436 Oct  2  2017 cfitsio-3.370-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  260496 Jan  3 00:48 CGAL-4.7-1.rhel7.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   64540 Jul 10  2014 CharLS-1.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   65788 Jul  4  2014 dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1482820 Jul  4  2014 dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  260512 Nov 12  2018 fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10116 Jul  4  2014 fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32454 Dec 17  2021 freexl-1.0.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8449208 Jan  3 00:48 gdal34-libs-3.4.3-4.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  884392 Jan  3 00:49 geos310-3.10.3-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  662508 Jan  3 00:49 geos39-3.9.2-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   40964 Jul  4  2014 giflib-4.1.6-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  813196 Jul 28  2014 gpsbabel-1.5.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1682124 Sep 16  2021 hdf5-1.8.12-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  154048 Nov 12  2018 jasper-libs-1.900.1-33.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   47560 Jul  4  2014 jbigkit-libs-2.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5629884 Aug 11  2017 lapack-3.4.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  154032 Nov 21  2016 lcms2-2.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34814 Feb 12  2019 libaec-1.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433272 Jul 19  2014 libdap-3.13.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   97264 Jan  3 00:49 libgeotiff16-1.6.0-6.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   30280 Jan  3 00:49 libgeotiff16-devel-1.6.0-6.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  308088 Oct 15  2020 libgfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   91596 Nov 12  2018 libglvnd-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  127648 Nov 12  2018 libglvnd-glx-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32864 Feb  5  2014 libgta-1.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   67720 Aug 11  2017 libICE-1.0.9-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7202728 Mar 25  2020 libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  137752 Aug 23  2019 libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  194944 Oct 15  2020 libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   40160 Nov 25  2015 libSM-1.2.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2492976 Jan  3 00:49 libspatialite43-4.3.0a-15.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   75268 Jan  3 00:49 libspatialite43-devel-4.3.0a-15.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  176172 Oct 15  2020 libtiff-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  485288 Oct 15  2020 libtiff-devel-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   50076 Apr 13  2017 libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   19536 Jul  4  2014 libusb-0.1.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   62908 Apr 25  2018 libusbx-1.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  174472 May  5  2023 libwebp-0.3.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  621888 Mar 21 23:27 libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  168524 Mar 21 23:27 libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   29784 Jul  4  2014 libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  218900 Nov 12  2018 libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   20916 Jul  4  2014 libXdamage-1.1.4-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   39572 Nov 25  2015 libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   18684 Aug 11  2017 libXfixes-5.0.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    7340 Nov 25  2015 libxshmfence-1.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  247560 Oct 15  2020 libxslt-1.1.28-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   17972 Aug 11  2017 libXxf86vm-1.1.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  299372 Apr  5  2023 libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  169812 Nov 18  2020 mesa-libGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   46956 Nov 18  2020 mesa-libglapi-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  200876 Jul  4  2014 mesa-libGLU-9.0.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  208316 Jul  4  2014 mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  709772 Dec 13  2015 netcdf-4.3.3.1-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  224372 Jan  3 00:49 ogdi41-4.1.0-2.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4583548 Sep 30  2018 openblas-openmp-0.3.3-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  156596 Feb 20  2020 openjpeg2-2.3.1-3.el7_7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   88128 Nov 12  2018 openjpeg-libs-1.5.1-18.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   95568 Apr 25  2018 pciutils-3.5.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  206176 Aug 11  2017 pcre2-10.23-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  806344 Nov 18  2020 poppler-0.26.5-43.el7.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2254884 Jul  4  2014 poppler-data-0.4.6-3.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4108764 Jan  3 01:54 postgis32_14-3.2.5-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1565852 Feb  8 05:27 postgresql14-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  707760 Feb  8 05:27 postgresql14-contrib-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  279632 Feb  8 05:27 postgresql14-libs-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5748144 Feb  8 05:27 postgresql14-server-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2635440 Jan  3 00:50 proj72-7.2.1-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4785208 Nov 18  2020 qt-4.8.7-9.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   18396 Oct 15  2020 qt-settings-19-23.12.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   15476 Jan  3 00:48 SFCGAL-1.3.1-2.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1731796 Jan  3 00:48 SFCGAL-libs-1.3.1-2.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   65176 Feb 10  2023 shapelib-1.3.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  639692 Jan  3 00:51 sqlite33-3.30.1-6.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  563836 Jan  3 00:51 sqlite33-libs-3.30.1-6.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  184152 Dec  7  2017 SuperLU-5.2.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  423152 Aug 23  2019 unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  899740 Mar  5  2020 xerces-c-3.1.1-10.el7_7.x86_64.rpm

有可能回用到开发者服务包：postgresql14-devel-14.11-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

传输安装包到离线机器：
将下载的所有RPM包传输到离线安装的CentOS 7机器上

bash
 yum localinstall -y *.rpm
 su - postgres
 createdb gisdb
 

连接到数据库：

bash
psql gisdb
在数据库中启用PostGIS扩展：

sql
CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
检查PostGIS是否已正确安装，可以执行以下命令：

sql
SELECT PostGIS_Version();
这将显示安装的PostGIS版本，确认扩展已正确安装。

退出PostgreSQL：
sql
\q
回到系统用户：

bash
exit