1、继承Thread类
package multithreading;
//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
//总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码-------"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread01 thread01 = new TestThread01();
//调用start()方法开启线程
thread01.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程-------"+i);
}
}
}
如果调用run()方法,则是先走完子线程走主线程
如果调用start()方法,则是主线程子线程交替执行
1.1 编写下载网图的程序
package multithreading;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread02 extends Thread{
private String url;//网络图片地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestThread02(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownLoader webDownLoader = new WebDownLoader();
webDownLoader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/50da81cb39dbb6fd022858910a24ab18972b3711?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_268,limit_1/format,f_jpg","1.jpg");
TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/562c11dfa9ec8a133202ae3afa03918fa1ecc0d4?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_220,limit_1","2.jpg");
//同时下载,并非按照顺序下载
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownLoader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
2、实现Runnable接口
package multithreading;
//创建线程方式二:实现runnable接口,重写run方法,调用start方法
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码-------"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread03 thread03 = new TestThread03();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
// Thread thread = new Thread(thread03);
// thread.start();
new Thread(thread03).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程-------"+i);
}
}
}
2.1初识并发问题
package multithreading;
//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
if(ticketNums<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread04 ticket = new TestThread04();
new Thread(ticket,"小红").start();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱。
2.2 龟兔赛跑案例
package multithreading;
//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <=100; i++) {
//模拟兔子休息
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束了,就停止程序
if(flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断是否完成比赛
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if(winner!=null){//已经存在胜利者了
return true;
}{
if(steps>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
3、实现Callable接口
package multithreading.demo02;
import multithreading.demo01.TestThread02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//线程创建方式三:实现Callable接口
/*
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;//网络图片地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownLoader webDownLoader = new WebDownLoader();
webDownLoader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/50da81cb39dbb6fd022858910a24ab18972b3711?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_268,limit_1/format,f_jpg","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/562c11dfa9ec8a133202ae3afa03918fa1ecc0d4?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_220,limit_1","2.jpg");
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
//关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownLoader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
Callable接口的好处:
1、可以定义返回值
2、可以抛出异常
4、静态代理模式
package multithreading.demo02;
//静态代理模式
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
//代理对象可以做好多真实对象做不了的事
//真实对象专注做自己的事情
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();
WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("happy marry");
}
}
//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
//代理谁--》真实目标角色
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//这就是真实对象
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚后,收尾款");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚前,布置现场");
}
}
5、Lambda表达式
推导lambda表达式,一步一步实现简化
package multithreading.lambda;
//推导lambda表达式
public class TestLambda01 {
//3、静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lambda();
like = new Like2();
like.lambda();
//4、局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lambda();
//5、匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda4");
}
};
like.lambda();
//6、用lambda简化
like = ()->{
System.out.println("i like lambda5");
};
like.lambda();
}
}
//1、定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}
//2、实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda");
}
}
5.1Lambda表达式的简化
package multithreading.lambda;
public class TestLambda02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.lambda表达式简化
ILove love = (int a)-> {
System.out.println("i love you -->"+a);
};
//简化1:去掉参数类型
love = (a)-> {
System.out.println("i love you -->"+a);
};
//简化2:简化括号
love = a-> {
System.out.println("i love you -->"+a);
};
//简化3:去掉花括号
love = a-> System.out.println("i love you -->"+a);
love.love(520);
}
}
interface ILove{
void love(int a);
}
总结:
1、lambda表达式之能在有一行代码的情况下才能简化成一行,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹
2、前提是接口为函数式接口
3、多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉都去掉,但是要加上括号
6、停止线程
1、建议线程正常停止---->利用次数,不建议死循环
2、建议使用标志位
3、不要使用stop或者destory等过时JDK不建议使用的方法
package multithreading.state;
//测试停止线程
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while(flag){
System.out.println("run.....Thread"+i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i==900){
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止了");
}
}
}
}
7、线程休眠-sleep
package multithreading.state;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印系统当前时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while(true) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
8、线程礼让-yield
注意:礼让不一定成功
package multithreading.state;
//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
9、线程强制执行-join
package multithreading.state;
//测试join方法,想象为vip插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("vip join..."+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if(i==50){
thread.join();//main线程阻塞
}
System.out.println("main..."+i);
}
}
}
10、观测线程状态
package multithreading.state;
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("///");
});
//观测状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//RUN
while(state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
11、线程的优先级
package multithreading.state;
//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//MAX_PRIORITY = 10
t4.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
12、守护线程
package multithreading.state;
//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread();
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程。。。
thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动。。。
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("========goodbye!world!========");
}
}