LZW示例代码

头文件

#ifndef __BITIO__
#define __BITIO__

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
	FILE* fp;
	unsigned char mask;
	int rack;
}BITFILE;

BITFILE* OpenBitFileInput(char* filename);
BITFILE* OpenBitFileOutput(char* filename);
void CloseBitFileInput(BITFILE* bf);
void CloseBitFileOutput(BITFILE* bf);
int BitInput(BITFILE* bf);
unsigned long BitsInput(BITFILE* bf, int count);
void BitOutput(BITFILE* bf, int bit);
void BitsOutput(BITFILE* bf, unsigned long code, int count);
#endif	// __BITIO__

bitio.cpp

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "bitio.h"
BITFILE* OpenBitFileInput(char* filename) {
	BITFILE* bf;
	bf = (BITFILE*)malloc(sizeof(BITFILE));
	if (NULL == bf) return NULL;
	if (NULL == filename)	bf->fp = stdin;
	else bf->fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
	if (NULL == bf->fp) return NULL;
	bf->mask = 0x80;
	bf->rack = 0;
	return bf;
}

BITFILE* OpenBitFileOutput(char* filename) {
	BITFILE* bf;
	bf = (BITFILE*)malloc(sizeof(BITFILE));
	if (NULL == bf) return NULL;
	if (NULL == filename)	bf->fp = stdout;
	else bf->fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
	if (NULL == bf->fp) return NULL;
	bf->mask = 0x80;
	bf->rack = 0;
	return bf;
}

void CloseBitFileInput(BITFILE* bf) {
	fclose(bf->fp);
	free(bf);
}

void CloseBitFileOutput(BITFILE* bf) {
	// Output the remaining bits
	if (0x80 != bf->mask) fputc(bf->rack, bf->fp);
	fclose(bf->fp);
	free(bf);
}

int BitInput(BITFILE* bf) {
	int value;

	if (0x80 == bf->mask) {
		bf->rack = fgetc(bf->fp);
		if (EOF == bf->rack) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Read after the end of file reached\n");
			exit(-1);
		}
	}
	value = bf->mask & bf->rack;
	bf->mask >>= 1;
	if (0 == bf->mask) bf->mask = 0x80;
	return((0 == value) ? 0 : 1);
}

unsigned long BitsInput(BITFILE* bf, int count) {
	unsigned long mask;
	unsigned long value;
	mask = 1L << (count - 1);
	value = 0L;
	while (0 != mask) {
		if (1 == BitInput(bf))
			value |= mask;
		mask >>= 1;
	}
	return value;
}

void BitOutput(BITFILE* bf, int bit) {
	if (0 != bit) bf->rack |= bf->mask;
	bf->mask >>= 1;
	if (0 == bf->mask) {	// eight bits in rack
		fputc(bf->rack, bf->fp);
		bf->rack = 0;
		bf->mask = 0x80;
	}
}

void BitsOutput(BITFILE* bf, unsigned long code, int count) {
	unsigned long mask;

	mask = 1L << (count - 1);
	while (0 != mask) {
		BitOutput(bf, (int)(0 == (code & mask) ? 0 : 1));
		mask >>= 1;
	}
}

lzw.cpp

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "bitio.h"
#define MAX_CODE 65535

struct {
	int suffix;
	int parent, firstchild, nextsibling;
} dictionary[MAX_CODE + 1];
int next_code;
int d_stack[MAX_CODE]; // stack for decoding a phrase

#define input(f) ((int)BitsInput( f, 16))
#define output(f, x) BitsOutput( f, (unsigned long)(x), 16)

int DecodeString(int start, int code);
void InitDictionary(void);
void PrintDictionary(void) {
	int n;
	int count;
	for (n = 256; n < next_code; n++) {
		count = DecodeString(0, n);
		printf("%4d->", n);
		while (0 < count--) printf("%c", (char)(d_stack[count]));
		printf("\n");
	}
}

int DecodeString(int start, int code) {
	int count;
	count = start;
	while (0 <= code) {
		d_stack[count] = dictionary[code].suffix;
		code = dictionary[code].parent;
		count++;
	}
	return count;
}
void InitDictionary(void) {
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
		dictionary[i].suffix = i;
		dictionary[i].parent = -1;
		dictionary[i].firstchild = -1;
		dictionary[i].nextsibling = i + 1;
	}
	dictionary[255].nextsibling = -1;
	next_code = 256;
}
/*
 * Input: string represented by string_code in dictionary,
 * Output: the index of character+string in the dictionary
 * 		index = -1 if not found
 */
int InDictionary(int character, int string_code) {
	int sibling;
	if (0 > string_code) return character;
	sibling = dictionary[string_code].firstchild;
	while (-1 < sibling) {
		if (character == dictionary[sibling].suffix) return sibling;
		sibling = dictionary[sibling].nextsibling;
	}
	return -1;
}

void AddToDictionary(int character, int string_code) {
	int firstsibling, nextsibling;
	if (0 > string_code) return;
	dictionary[next_code].suffix = character;
	dictionary[next_code].parent = string_code;
	dictionary[next_code].nextsibling = -1;
	dictionary[next_code].firstchild = -1;
	firstsibling = dictionary[string_code].firstchild;
	if (-1 < firstsibling) {	// the parent has child
		nextsibling = firstsibling;
		while (-1 < dictionary[nextsibling].nextsibling)
			nextsibling = dictionary[nextsibling].nextsibling;
		dictionary[nextsibling].nextsibling = next_code;
	}
	else {// no child before, modify it to be the first
		dictionary[string_code].firstchild = next_code;
	}
	next_code++;
}

void LZWEncode(FILE* fp, BITFILE* bf) {
	int character;
	int string_code;
	int index;
	unsigned long file_length;

	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
	file_length = ftell(fp);
	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
	BitsOutput(bf, file_length, 4 * 8);
	InitDictionary();
	string_code = -1;
	while (EOF != (character = fgetc(fp))) {
		index = InDictionary(character, string_code);
		if (0 <= index) {	// string+character in dictionary
			string_code = index;
		}
		else {	// string+character not in dictionary
			output(bf, string_code);
			if (MAX_CODE > next_code) {	// free space in dictionary
				// add string+character to dictionary
				AddToDictionary(character, string_code);
			}
			string_code = character;
		}
	}
	output(bf, string_code);
}
void LZWDecode(BITFILE* bf, FILE* fp) {
	int character;
	int new_code, last_code;
	int phrase_length;
	unsigned long file_length;
	file_length = BitsInput(bf, 4 * 8);
	if (-1 == file_length) file_length = 0;
	InitDictionary();
	last_code = -1;
	while (0 < file_length) {
		new_code = input(bf);
		if (new_code >= next_code) { // this is the case CSCSC( not in dict)
			d_stack[0] = character;
			phrase_length = DecodeString(1, last_code); 
		}
		else {
			phrase_length = DecodeString(0, new_code);
		}
		character = d_stack[phrase_length - 1];
		while (0 < phrase_length) {
			phrase_length--;
			fputc(d_stack[phrase_length], fp);
			file_length--;
		}
		if (MAX_CODE > next_code) {// add the new phrase to dictionary
			AddToDictionary(character, last_code);
		}
		last_code = new_code;
	}
}



int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	FILE* fp;
	BITFILE* bf;

	if (4 > argc) {
		fprintf(stdout, "usage: \n%s <o> <ifile> <ofile>\n", argv[0]);
		fprintf(stdout, "\t<o>: E or D reffers encode or decode\n");
		fprintf(stdout, "\t<ifile>: input file name\n");
		fprintf(stdout, "\t<ofile>: output file name\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if ('E' == argv[1][0]) { // do encoding
		fp = fopen(argv[2], "rb");
		bf = OpenBitFileOutput(argv[3]);
		if (NULL != fp && NULL != bf) {
			LZWEncode(fp, bf);
			fclose(fp);
			CloseBitFileOutput(bf);
			fprintf(stdout, "encoding done\n");
		}
	}
	else if ('D' == argv[1][0]) {	// do decoding
		bf = OpenBitFileInput(argv[2]);
		fp = fopen(argv[3], "wb");
		if (NULL != fp && NULL != bf) {
			LZWDecode(bf, fp);
			fclose(fp);
			CloseBitFileInput(bf);
			fprintf(stdout, "decoding done\n");
		}
	}
	else {	// otherwise
		fprintf(stderr, "not supported operation\n");
	}
	return 0;
}