jdk8新增日期时间新特性

简介

java中引用的包 import java.time.LocalDate

属性	功能
Instant	代表的是时间戳
LocalDate	不包含具体时间的日期
LocalTime	不含日期的时间
LocalDateTime	包含了日期及时间

1.获取日期时间

1.LocalDate 获取日期

		LocalDate nowDate = LocalDate.now();  //今天的日期

        int year = nowDate.getYear();  //年：一般用这个方法获取年

        int month = nowDate.getMonthValue();  //月：一般用这个方法获取月

        int day = nowDate.getDayOfMonth();  //日：当月的第几天，一般用这个方法获取日

        int dayOfYear = nowDate.getDayOfYear();  //日：当年的第几天
        //星期
        System.out.println(nowDate.getDayOfWeek());  //默认是日期英文表示
        System.out.println(nowDate.getDayOfWeek().getValue());  //日期阿拉伯数字表示
        //月份
        System.out.println(nowDate.getMonth());  //默认是日期英文表示
        System.out.println(nowDate.getMonth().getValue());  //日期阿拉伯数字表示

2.LocalTime 获取时间

		LocalTime nowTime = LocalTime.now();  //当前时间

        int hour = nowTime.getHour();  //时

        int minute = nowTime.getMinute();  //分

        int second = nowTime.getSecond();  //秒

        int nano = nowTime.getNano();  //纳秒

3.LocalDateTime 获取日期时间

		LocalDateTime nowDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();  //当前日期时间：2021-01-25T16:11:34.741

        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getYear());//年
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonthValue());//月
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfMonth());//日
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getHour());//时
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMinute());//分
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getSecond());//秒
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getNano());//纳秒

        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfYear());//日：当年的第几天
        //星期
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfWeek());
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfWeek().getValue());
        //月份
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonth());
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonth().getValue());

2.获取指定日期时间

1.LocalDate

		LocalDate.of(1991, 11, 11);//直接传入对应的年月日
        LocalDate.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11);//相对上面只是把月换成了枚举
        
        LocalDate birDay = LocalDate.of(1991, 11, 11);
        LocalDate.ofYearDay(1991, birDay.getDayOfYear());//第一个参数为年，第二个参数为当年的第多少天
        LocalDate.ofEpochDay(birDay.toEpochDay());//参数为距离1970-01-01的天数
        LocalDate.parse("1991-11-11");
        LocalDate.parse("19911111",DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd"));

2.LocalTime

		LocalTime.of(8, 20);//时分
        LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30);//时分秒
        LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30, 150);//时分秒纳秒
        LocalTime mTime = LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30, 150);
        LocalTime.ofSecondOfDay(mTime.toSecondOfDay());//参数为距离当天零时的秒数
        LocalTime.ofNanoOfDay(mTime.toNanoOfDay());//参数为距离当天零时的纳秒数
        LocalTime.parse("08:20:30");
        LocalTime.parse("082030", DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HHmmss"));

3.LocalDateTime

		LocalDateTime.of(birDay, mTime);//参数为LocalDate和LocalTime
       	LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20);  //1991-11-11T08:20
        LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20);
        LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20, 30);  //1991-11-11T08:20:30
        LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20, 30);
        LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20, 30, 150);  //1991-11-11T08:20:30.000000150
        LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20, 30, 150);
        LocalDateTime.parse("1991-11-11T08:20:30");
        LocalDateTime.parse("1991-11-11 08:20:30", DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

3.日期时间的比较

		LocalDate of = LocalDate.of(1994, Month.OCTOBER, 21);
        System.out.println(of.equals(LocalDate.now()));  //false
        System.out.println(of + "指定日期是否在当前日期之前？ " + of.isBefore(LocalDate.now())); //true
        System.out.println(of+ "指定日期是否在当前日期之后？ " + of.isAfter(LocalDate.now())); //false

4.对日期时间的修改

		LocalDate nowDate = LocalDate.now();  //当前日期
        System.out.println(nowDate.minusYears(1));//一年前
        System.out.println(nowDate.minusMonths(1));//一月前
        System.out.println(nowDate.minusWeeks(1));//一周前
        System.out.println(nowDate.minusDays(1));//一天前
        System.out.println(nowDate.plusYears(1));//一年后
        System.out.println(nowDate.plusMonths(1));//一月后
        System.out.println(nowDate.plusWeeks(1));//一周后
        System.out.println(nowDate.plusDays(1));//一天后


		LocalTime nowTime = LocalTime.now();  //当前时间
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusHours(1));//一小时前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusMinutes(1));//一分钟前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusSeconds(1));//一秒前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusNanos(1));//一纳秒前
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusHours(1));//一小时后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusMinutes(1));//一分钟后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusSeconds(1));//一秒后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusNanos(1));//一纳秒后

还可以直接使用 minus 和 plus 方法来增加和减少日期时间。LocalDateTime 、LocalDate 、LocalTime 都是类似的
ChronoUnit 用来表示时间单位， ChronoUnit 后面只需要替换成相应的年、月、周、日、时、分、秒、纳秒，就能减少或增加相应的单位。

例如：System.out.println(nowDate.minus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS));  //减
System.out.println(nowDate.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS));  //加

4.时间戳

		Instant instant = Instant.now();
		System.out.println("当前时间戳是：" + instant);//当前时间戳是：2018-09-06T10:14:29.460Z
		Date date = Date.from(instant);
		System.out.println("当前时间戳是：" + date);//当前时间戳是：Thu Sep 06 18:14:29 CST 2018
		instant = date.toInstant();

5.日期时间格式化

在JDK8之前，时间日期的格式化非常麻烦，经常使用SimpleDateFormat来进行格式化，但是SimpleDateFormat并不是线程安全的。在JDK8中，引入了一个全新的线程安全的日期与时间格式器DateTimeFormatter

		System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));  //将当前日期时间格式化 ，DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("自定义格式")

6.计算日期时间差

主要是 Period 类方法 getYears()，getMonths() 和 getDays() 来计算。只能精确到年月日。

		LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println(today);//2018-09-06
        LocalDate birthDate = LocalDate.of(1992, 1, 11);
        System.out.println(birthDate);//1990-10-01
        Period period = Period.between(birthDate, today);//第二个参数减第一个参数
        System.out.printf("年龄 : %d 年 %d 月 %d 日", period.getYears(), period.getMonths(), period.getDays());//年龄 : 27 年 11 月 5 日

java.time.Duration
提供了使用基于时间的值测量时间量的方法。
用于 LocalDateTime 之间的比较。也可用于 Instant 之间的比较。

		LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(today);
        LocalDateTime birthDate = LocalDateTime.of(1990,10,1,10,50,30);
        System.out.println(birthDate);

        Duration duration = Duration.between(birthDate, today);//第二个参数减第一个参数
        System.out.println(duration.toDays());//两个时间差的天数
        System.out.println(duration.toHours());//两个时间差的小时数
        System.out.println(duration.toMinutes());//两个时间差的分钟数
        System.out.println(duration.toMillis());//两个时间差的毫秒数
        System.out.println(duration.toNanos());//两个时间差的纳秒数

java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
ChronoUnit类可用于在单个时间单位内测量一段时间，这个工具类是最全的了，可以用于比较所有的时间单位。

		LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(today);
        LocalDateTime birthDate = LocalDateTime.of(1990,10,1,10,50,30);
        System.out.println(birthDate);

        System.out.println("相差的年数：" + ChronoUnit.YEARS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的月数：" + ChronoUnit.MONTHS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的周数：" + ChronoUnit.WEEKS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的天数：" + ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的时数：" + ChronoUnit.HOURS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的分数：" + ChronoUnit.MINUTES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的秒数：" + ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的毫秒数：" + ChronoUnit.MILLIS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的微秒数：" + ChronoUnit.MICROS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的纳秒数：" + ChronoUnit.NANOS.between(birthDate, today));

        System.out.println("相差的半天数：" + ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的十年数：" + ChronoUnit.DECADES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的世纪（百年）数：" + ChronoUnit.CENTURIES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的千年数：" + ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的纪元数：" + ChronoUnit.ERAS.between(birthDate, today));