Hystrix简介
Netflix Hystrix是SOA/微服务架构中提供服务隔离、熔断、降级机制的工具/框架。Netflix Hystrix是断路器的一种实现,用于高微服务架构的可用性,是防止服务出现雪崩的利器。
Hystrix具备能力:
- 在通过网络依赖服务出现高延迟或者失败时,为系统提供保护和控制
- 在复杂的分布式系统中防止级联失败
- 快速失败(Fail fast)同时能快速恢复
- 提供失败回退(Fallback)和相对优雅的服务降级机制
- 提供实时的监控、报警和运维控制手段
Hystrix 如何解决级联故障/防止服务雪崩
- 将请求的逻辑进行封装,相关逻辑会在独立的线程中执行
- 有自动超时策略,如果外部请求超过阈值,Hystrix会以超时来处理
- 会为每个依赖维护一个线程池,当线程满载,不会进行线程排队,会直接终止操作
- 有熔断机制: 在依赖服务失效比例超过阈值时,手动或者自动地切断服务一段时间
1.搭建Eureka 服务注册中心
在idea创建SpringBoot 项目,主要依赖如下:
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
在启动类中添加注释@EnableEurekaServer,代码如下所示:
//会为项目自动配置必须得配置类,标识该服务为注册中心
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurakeServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurakeServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
在application.yml 配置文件中添加一下配置,配置注册中心得端口和标识:
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: standalone
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance-id:${spring.application.instance-id:${random.value}}}
client:
register-with-eureka: false #表明该服务不会向Eureka Server注册自己得信息
fetch-registry: false #表明该服务不会向Eureka Server获取注册信息
service-url: #Eureka Server注册中心得地址,用于Client与Server交流
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: eureka-service
2.搭建Euraka服务提供者
在idea创建SpringBoot 项目,主要依赖如下
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
启动类如下:
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurakeClient01Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurakeClient01Application.class, args);
}
}
application.yml 配置如下:
server:
port: 8762
eureka:
instance:
hostname: client
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance-id:${spring.application.instance-id:${random.value}}}
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #服务注册中心访问地址
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-service
新建一个controller包,添加一个提供服务的接口,代码如下:
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/*
* @Author chencundeng
* @Description //TODO
* @Date 2019/2/23
**/
@RequestMapping("/feign-service")
@RestController
public class FeignServiceController {
@GetMapping("/say-hello/{name}")
public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name){
return "hello ".concat(name).concat("!");
}
}
3.服务消费者搭建
在idea创建SpringBoot 项目,主要依赖如下
dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
启动类如下:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableCircuitBreaker //开启Hystrix
public class HystrixClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
OpenFeign 是自带Hystrix,但是默认没有打开,需要添加开启配置 , application.yml 配置如下:
server:
port: 8763
eureka:
instance:
hostname: client
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance-id:${spring.application.instance-id:${random.value}}}
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #服务注册中心地址
feign:
hystrix: //打开hystrix配置
enabled: true
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-client
新建一个controller包,添加一个服务消费类,代码如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/*
* @Author chencundeng
* @Description //TODO
* @Date 2019/2/24
**/
@RestController
public class HystrixController {
@Autowired
private FeignServiceClient feignServiceClient;
@GetMapping("/say-hello/{name}")
public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name){
return feignServiceClient.sayHello(name);
}
}
新建Feign 接口类,通过fallback指定HystrixService为失败回滚类,代码如下:
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
@FeignClient(value = "hystrix-service",fallback = HystrixService.class)
public interface FeignServiceClient {
@GetMapping("/say-hello/{name}")
public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name);
}
新建hystrix失败回滚类,代码如下:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/*
* @Author chencundeng
* @Description //TODO
* @Date 2019/2/24
**/
@Component
public class HystrixService implements FeignServiceClient{
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) {
return "service error";
}
}
4.OpenFeign客户端调用
搭建好上述三个服务后,依次启动三个服务,输入地址http://127.0.0.1:8762/say-hello/feign就可以看到输出语句,断开服务提供者,重新服务看到输出 service error,表示hystrix失败回滚已生效。
5.例子源码地址如下:
https://gitee.com/mingzhishuyuan/spring-cloud.git