容错机制应用Spring-Retry

上文我们在学习容错机制理论中,我们发现其中有一种处理手段为failback故障自动恢复,Spring-Retry即为failback的实现中间件,下面我们就来开始学习Spring-Retry

基本框架例子

框架介绍
The following example shows how to use Spring Retry in its imperative style

  • RetryTemplate,重试模板,是进入spring-retry框架的整体流程入口
  • RetryCallback,该接口封装了业务代码,且failback后,会再次调用RetryCallback接口
  • RetryPolicy,重试策略,描述将以什么样的方式调用RetryCallback接口

使用Spring Retry例子

public class RetryTemplateDemo {
	
	/**  
	 * 业务代码
	 */
	private static String business() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("begin...");
		if (true) {
			throw new Exception();
		}
		System.out.println("end...");
		return "success";
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		RetryTemplate template = new RetryTemplate();
		SimpleRetryPolicy policy = new SimpleRetryPolicy(3);
		template.setRetryPolicy(policy);
		RetryCallback<String, Exception> retryCallback = (context) -> {
			return business();
		};
		String result = template.execute(retryCallback);
		System.out.println(result);
	}
}

测试结果

22:24:53.746 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=0
begin...
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=1
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=1
begin...
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=2
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=2
begin...
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=3
22:24:53.751 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry failed last attempt: count=3
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Exception
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.business(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:44)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.lambda$0(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:33)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5$$Lambda$1/1221555852.doWithRetry(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.doExecute(RetryTemplate.java:329)
	at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.execute(RetryTemplate.java:209)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.main(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:35)

通过结果我们可以看出,原业务代码会抛出异常,同时也设置了重试策略SimpleRetryPolicy,重试次数为3次,从测试结果我们可以看出,结果一致

RetryPolicy提供了其他策略实现:

  • NeverRetryPolicy:只允许调用RetryCallback一次,不允许重试;
  • AlwaysRetryPolicy:允许无限重试,直到成功,此方式逻辑不当会导致死循环;
  • SimpleRetryPolicy:固定次数重试策略,默认重试最大次数为3次,RetryTemplate默认使用的策略;
  • TimeoutRetryPolicy:超时时间重试策略,默认超时时间为1秒,在指定的超时时间内允许重试;
  • CircuitBreakerRetryPolicy:有熔断功能的重试策略,需设置3个参数openTimeout、resetTimeout和delegate;
  • CompositeRetryPolicy:组合重试策略,有两种组合方式,乐观组合重试策略是指只要有一个策略允许重试即可以,悲观组合重试策略是指只要有一个策略不允许重试即可以,但不管哪种组合方式,组合中的每一个策略都会执行。

详细使用例子参考官网:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-retry

RecoveryCallback 恢复策略

在这里插入图片描述

  • RecoveryCallback ,当我们进行所有重试,依然失败后,提供一个恢复的补偿方法
public class RetryTemplateDemo {
	
	/**  
	 * 业务代码
	 */
	private static String business() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("begin...");
		if (true) {
			throw new Exception();
		}
		System.out.println("end...");
		return "success";
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		RetryTemplate template = new RetryTemplate();
		SimpleRetryPolicy policy = new SimpleRetryPolicy(3);
		template.setRetryPolicy(policy);
		RetryCallback<String, Exception> retryCallback = (context) -> {
			return business();
		};
		RecoveryCallback<String> recoveryCallback = (context) -> {
			return "default_sucesss";
		};
		String result = template.execute(retryCallback, recoveryCallback);
		System.out.println(result);
	}
}

测试结果

22:45:37.823 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=0
begin...
22:45:37.826 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=1
22:45:37.826 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=1
begin...
22:45:37.827 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=2
22:45:37.827 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=2
begin...
22:45:37.827 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=3
22:45:37.827 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry failed last attempt: count=3
default_sucesss

通过结果我们可以看出,原业务代码会抛出异常,同时也设置了重试策略SimpleRetryPolicy,重试次数为3次,依然失败,最后执行RecoveryCallback接口方法,结果一致

有状态的重试

有没状态如何理解,HTTP是无状态的,即两次调用接口之间不存在任何关系或者影响,有状态意味着调用之间有影响。
比如是由于事务资源导致的失败,那么多次调用可能会出现数据问题,那么将不能够进行重试,立刻上报异常。Spring-Retry提供了RetryState对象,这里举例说明一下即可

public class RetryTemplateDemo5 {
	
	/**  
	 * 业务代码
	 */
	private static String business() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("begin...");
		if (true) {
			throw new Exception();
		}
		System.out.println("end...");
		return "success";
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		RetryTemplate template = new RetryTemplate();
		SimpleRetryPolicy policy = new SimpleRetryPolicy(3);
		template.setRetryPolicy(policy);
		RetryCallback<String, Exception> retryCallback = (context) -> {
			return business();
		};
		RecoveryCallback<String> recoveryCallback = (context) -> {
			return "default_sucesss";
		};
		RetryState state = new DefaultRetryState("unique call");
		String result = template.execute(retryCallback, recoveryCallback, state);
		System.out.println(result);
	}
}

测试结果

22:56:59.883 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=0
begin...
22:56:59.887 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=1
22:56:59.887 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Rethrow in retry for policy: count=1
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Exception
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.business(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:30)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.lambda$0(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:41)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5$$Lambda$1/2104457164.doWithRetry(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.doExecute(RetryTemplate.java:329)
	at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.execute(RetryTemplate.java:255)
	at priv.dengjili.spring.retry.demo.test.RetryTemplateDemo5.main(RetryTemplateDemo5.java:47)

测试与预期一致

RetryListener监听器

提供了三个监听的地方
在这里插入图片描述

public class RetryTemplateDemo5 {
	
	/**  
	 * 业务代码
	 */
	private static String business() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("begin...");
		if (true) {
			throw new Exception();
		}
		System.out.println("end...");
		return "success";
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		RetryTemplate template = new RetryTemplate();
		SimpleRetryPolicy policy = new SimpleRetryPolicy(3);
		template.setRetryPolicy(policy);
		RetryCallback<String, Exception> retryCallback = (context) -> {
			return business();
		};
		RecoveryCallback<String> recoveryCallback = (context) -> {
			return "default_sucesss";
		};
		RetryListener listener = new RetryListener() {
			@Override
			public <T, E extends Throwable> boolean open(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback) {
				System.out.println("open");
				// 必须返回true,不然结束了
				return true;
			}

			@Override
			public <T, E extends Throwable> void close(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
					Throwable throwable) {
				System.out.println("close");
			}

			@Override
			public <T, E extends Throwable> void onError(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
					Throwable throwable) {
				System.out.println("onError");
			}};
		// 可设置多个RetryListener
		template.setListeners(new RetryListener[] {listener});
		
		String result = template.execute(retryCallback, recoveryCallback);
		System.out.println(result);
	}
}

测试结果

open
23:08:58.601 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=0
begin...
onError
23:08:58.605 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=1
23:08:58.606 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=1
begin...
onError
23:08:58.606 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=2
23:08:58.606 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry: count=2
begin...
onError
23:08:58.606 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Checking for rethrow: count=3
23:08:58.606 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate - Retry failed last attempt: count=3
close
default_sucesss

测试与预期一致

其他说明

从1.3版开始,RetryTemplate的更简单配置也可以使用,如下所示:

RetryTemplate.builder()
      .maxAttempts(10)
      .exponentialBackoff(100, 2, 10000)
      .retryOn(IOException.class)
      .traversingCauses()
      .build();

RetryTemplate.builder()
      .fixedBackoff(10)
      .withinMillis(3000)
      .build();

RetryTemplate.builder()
      .infiniteRetry()
      .retryOn(IOException.class)
      .uniformRandomBackoff(1000, 3000)
      .build();

或者使用声明式编程,注解方式,如下所示:
eg1:

@Configuration
@EnableRetry
public class Application {

    @Bean
    public Service service() {
        return new Service();
    }

    @Bean public RetryListener retryListener1() {
        return new RetryListener() {...}
    }

    @Bean public RetryListener retryListener2() {
        return new RetryListener() {...}
    }

}

@Service
class Service {
    @Retryable(RemoteAccessException.class)
    public service() {
        // ... do something
    }
}

eg2:

@Service
class Service {
    @Retryable(maxAttempts=12, backoff=@Backoff(delay=100, maxDelay=500))
    public service() {
        // ... do something
    }
}

eg3:

@Service
class Service {
    @Retryable(recover = "service1Recover", value = RemoteAccessException.class)
    public void service1(String str1, String str2) {
        // ... do something
    }

    @Retryable(recover = "service2Recover", value = RemoteAccessException.class)
    public void service2(String str1, String str2) {
        // ... do something
    }

    @Recover
    public void service1Recover(RemoteAccessException e, String str1, String str2) {
        // ... error handling making use of original args if required
    }

    @Recover
    public void service2Recover(RemoteAccessException e, String str1, String str2) {
        // ... error handling making use of original args if required
    }
}

源码导读

以上是我通过阅读Spring-Retry源码整理出来的,源代码目录https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-retry

核心代码入口:org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate方法doExecute

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/u012731081/article/details/78892897

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