使用ActionMailer 的 STMP方式发送邮件

最新推荐文章于 2017-07-16 16:08:33 发布

dengxingbo

最新推荐文章于 2017-07-16 16:08:33 发布

阅读量3.1k

点赞数

分类专栏： Ruby &amp; Rails 文章标签： accessor authentication templates parameters object server

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dengxingbo/article/details/4938968

版权

Ruby & Rails 专栏收录该内容

15 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

演示：

class Tester< ActiveRecord::Base def self.send_mail MailPoster.deliver_file('receive@126.com','sender@126.com', 'public/images/rails.png', 'image/jpeg') end class MailPoster < ActionMailer::Base def file(to, sender, file_name, content_type) #standard ActionMailer message setup recipients to from sender subject subj #cc ["aaaa@126.com","bbbb@126com"] #cc %w{aaaa@126.com, bbbb@126.com} #setting the body explicitly means we don't have to provide a separate template file body "The main content: #{subj}" #set up the attachment attachment :content_type => content_type, :body => File.read(file_name), :filename => file_name.gsub(/.*///,'') end end ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = { :address => "smtp.126.com", :domain => "mail.126.com", :user_name => "youremail@126.com", :password => "your password", :authentication => :login, } end

运行：

$ script/runner Tester.send_mail

查看自己的邮件看看，如果有错误，请根据提示修改。

不需要的部分可以注释掉，如发送附件。

调用使用的方式是：[YourClass].deliver_[your method]

对于那些整站使用统一smtp服务器的，可以把以下代码移到config/environment.rb：

注意：代码要放到Rails::Initializer.run do |config| ... end 外面

ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = { :address => "smtp.126.com", :domain => "mail.126.com", :user_name => "youremail@126.com", :password => "your password", :authentication => :login, }

源代码：vendor/rails/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer（有使用说明）

module ActionMailer # Usage: # # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base # # Set up properties # # Properties can also be specified via accessor methods # # (i.e. self.subject = "foo") and instance variables (@subject = "foo"). # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # body { "account" => recipient } # from "system@example.com" # end # # # explicitly specify multipart messages # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # from "system@example.com" # # part :content_type => "text/html", # :body => render_message("signup-as-html", :account => recipient) # # part "text/plain" do |p| # p.body = render_message("signup-as-plain", :account => recipient) # p.transfer_encoding = "base64" # end # end # # # attachments # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # from "system@example.com" # # attachment :content_type => "image/jpeg", # :body => File.read("an-image.jpg") # # attachment "application/pdf" do |a| # a.body = generate_your_pdf_here() # end # end # # # implicitly multipart messages # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # from "system@example.com" # body(:account => "recipient") # # # ActionMailer will automatically detect and use multipart templates, # # where each template is named after the name of the action, followed # # by the content type. Each such detected template will be added as # # a separate part to the message. # # # # for example, if the following templates existed: # # * signup_notification.text.plain.rhtml # # * signup_notification.text.html.rhtml # # * signup_notification.text.xml.rxml # # * signup_notification.text.x-yaml.rhtml # # # # Each would be rendered and added as a separate part to the message, # # with the corresponding content type. The same body hash is passed to # # each template. # end # end # # # After this, post_notification will look for "templates/application_mailer/post_notification.rhtml" # ApplicationMailer.template_root = "templates" # # ApplicationMailer.create_comment_notification(david, hello_world) # => a tmail object # ApplicationMailer.deliver_comment_notification(david, hello_world) # sends the email # # = Configuration options # # These options are specified on the class level, like <tt>ActionMailer::Base.template_root = "/my/templates"</tt> # # * <tt>template_root</tt> - template root determines the base from which template references will be made. # # * <tt>logger</tt> - the logger is used for generating information on the mailing run if available. # Can be set to nil for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own Logger and Log4r loggers. # # * <tt>server_settings</tt> - Allows detailed configuration of the server: # * <tt>:address</tt> Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default "localhost" setting. # * <tt>:port</tt> On the off chance that your mail server doesn't run on port 25, you can change it. # * <tt>:domain</tt> If you need to specify a HELO domain, you can do it here. # * <tt>:user_name</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, set the username in this setting. # * <tt>:password</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, set the password in this setting. # * <tt>:authentication</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, you need to specify the authentication type here. # This is a symbol and one of :plain, :login, :cram_md5 # # * <tt>raise_delivery_errors</tt> - whether or not errors should be raised if the email fails to be delivered. # # * <tt>delivery_method</tt> - Defines a delivery method. Possible values are :smtp (default), :sendmail, and :test. # Sendmail is assumed to be present at "/usr/sbin/sendmail". # # * <tt>perform_deliveries</tt> - Determines whether deliver_* methods are actually carried out. By default they are, # but this can be turned off to help functional testing. # # * <tt>deliveries</tt> - Keeps an array of all the emails sent out through the Action Mailer with delivery_method :test. Most useful # for unit and functional testing. # # * <tt>default_charset</tt> - The default charset used for the body and to encode the subject. Defaults to UTF-8. You can also # pick a different charset from inside a method with <tt>@charset</tt>. # * <tt>default_content_type</tt> - The default content type used for the main part of the message. Defaults to "text/plain". You # can also pick a different content type from inside a method with <tt>@content_type</tt>. # * <tt>default_mime_version</tt> - The default mime version used for the message. Defaults to nil. You # can also pick a different value from inside a method with <tt>@mime_version</tt>. When multipart messages are in # use, <tt>@mime_version</tt> will be set to "1.0" if it is not set inside a method. # * <tt>default_implicit_parts_order</tt> - When a message is built implicitly (i.e. multiple parts are assembled from templates # which specify the content type in their filenames) this variable controls how the parts are ordered. Defaults to # ["text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain"]. Items that appear first in the array have higher priority in the mail client # and appear last in the mime encoded message. You can also pick a different order from inside a method with # <tt>@implicit_parts_order</tt>. class Base include AdvAttrAccessor, PartContainer private_class_method :new #:nodoc: cattr_accessor :template_root cattr_accessor :logger @@server_settings = { :address => "localhost", :port => 25, :domain => 'localhost.localdomain', :user_name => nil, :password => nil, :authentication => nil } cattr_accessor :server_settings @@raise_delivery_errors = true cattr_accessor :raise_delivery_errors @@delivery_method = :smtp cattr_accessor :delivery_method @@perform_deliveries = true cattr_accessor :perform_deliveries @@deliveries = [] cattr_accessor :deliveries @@default_charset = "utf-8" cattr_accessor :default_charset @@default_content_type = "text/plain" cattr_accessor :default_content_type @@default_mime_version = nil cattr_accessor :default_mime_version @@default_implicit_parts_order = [ "text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain" ] cattr_accessor :default_implicit_parts_order # Specify the BCC addresses for the message adv_attr_accessor :bcc # Define the body of the message. This is either a Hash (in which case it # specifies the variables to pass to the template when it is rendered), # or a string, in which case it specifies the actual text of the message. adv_attr_accessor :body # Specify the CC addresses for the message. adv_attr_accessor :cc # Specify the charset to use for the message. This defaults to the # +default_charset+ specified for ActionMailer::Base. adv_attr_accessor :charset # Specify the content type for the message. This defaults to <tt>text/plain</tt> # in most cases, but can be automatically set in some situations. adv_attr_accessor :content_type # Specify the from address for the message. adv_attr_accessor :from # Specify additional headers to be added to the message. adv_attr_accessor :headers # Specify the order in which parts should be sorted, based on content-type. # This defaults to the value for the +default_implicit_parts_order+. adv_attr_accessor :implicit_parts_order # Override the mailer name, which defaults to an inflected version of the # mailer's class name. If you want to use a template in a non-standard # location, you can use this to specify that location. adv_attr_accessor :mailer_name # Defaults to "1.0", but may be explicitly given if needed. adv_attr_accessor :mime_version # The recipient addresses for the message, either as a string (for a single # address) or an array (for multiple addresses). adv_attr_accessor :recipients # The date on which the message was sent. If not set (the default), the # header will be set by the delivery agent. adv_attr_accessor :sent_on # Specify the subject of the message. adv_attr_accessor :subject # Specify the template name to use for current message. This is the "base" # template name, without the extension or directory, and may be used to # have multiple mailer methods share the same template. adv_attr_accessor :template # The mail object instance referenced by this mailer. attr_reader :mail class << self def method_missing(method_symbol, *parameters)#:nodoc: case method_symbol.id2name when /^create_([_a-z]/w*)/ then new($1, *parameters).mail when /^deliver_([_a-z]/w*)/ then new($1, *parameters).deliver! when "new" then nil else super end end # Receives a raw email, parses it into an email object, decodes it, # instantiates a new mailer, and passes the email object to the mailer # object's #receive method. If you want your mailer to be able to # process incoming messages, you'll need to implement a #receive # method that accepts the email object as a parameter: # # class MyMailer < ActionMailer::Base # def receive(mail) # ... # end # end def receive(raw_email) logger.info "Received mail:/n #{raw_email}" unless logger.nil? mail = TMail::Mail.parse(raw_email) mail.base64_decode new.receive(mail) end # Deliver the given mail object directly. This can be used to deliver # a preconstructed mail object, like: # # email = MyMailer.create_some_mail(parameters) # email.set_some_obscure_header "frobnicate" # MyMailer.deliver(email) def deliver(mail) new.deliver!(mail) end end # Instantiate a new mailer object. If +method_name+ is not +nil+, the mailer # will be initialized according to the named method. If not, the mailer will # remain uninitialized (useful when you only need to invoke the "receive" # method, for instance). def initialize(method_name=nil, *parameters) #:nodoc: create!(method_name, *parameters) if method_name end # Initialize the mailer via the given +method_name+. The body will be # rendered and a new TMail::Mail object created. def create!(method_name, *parameters) #:nodoc: initialize_defaults(method_name) send(method_name, *parameters) # If an explicit, textual body has not been set, we check assumptions. unless String === @body # First, we look to see if there are any likely templates that match, # which include the content-type in their file name (i.e., # "the_template_file.text.html.rhtml", etc.). Only do this if parts # have not already been specified manually. if @parts.empty? templates = Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*") templates.each do |path| type = (File.basename(path).split(".")[1..-2] || []).join("/") next if type.empty? @parts << Part.new(:content_type => type, :disposition => "inline", :charset => charset, :body => render_message(File.basename(path).split(".")[0..-2].join('.'), @body)) end unless @parts.empty? @content_type = "multipart/alternative" @charset = nil @parts = sort_parts(@parts, @implicit_parts_order) end end # Then, if there were such templates, we check to see if we ought to # also render a "normal" template (without the content type). If a # normal template exists (or if there were no implicit parts) we render # it. template_exists = @parts.empty? template_exists ||= Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*").any? { |i| i.split(".").length == 2 } @body = render_message(@template, @body) if template_exists # Finally, if there are other message parts and a textual body exists, # we shift it onto the front of the parts and set the body to nil (so # that create_mail doesn't try to render it in addition to the parts). if !@parts.empty? && String === @body @parts.unshift Part.new(:charset => charset, :body => @body) @body = nil end end # If this is a multipart e-mail add the mime_version if it is not # already set. @mime_version ||= "1.0" if !@parts.empty? # build the mail object itself @mail = create_mail end # Delivers a TMail::Mail object. By default, it delivers the cached mail # object (from the #create! method). If no cached mail object exists, and # no alternate has been given as the parameter, this will fail. def deliver!(mail = @mail) raise "no mail object available for delivery!" unless mail logger.info "Sent mail:/n #{mail.encoded}" unless logger.nil? begin send("perform_delivery_#{delivery_method}", mail) if perform_deliveries rescue Object => e raise e if raise_delivery_errors end return mail end private # Set up the default values for the various instance variables of this # mailer. Subclasses may override this method to provide different # defaults. def initialize_defaults(method_name) @charset ||= @@default_charset.dup @content_type ||= @@default_content_type.dup @implicit_parts_order ||= @@default_implicit_parts_order.dup @template ||= method_name @mailer_name ||= Inflector.underscore(self.class.name) @parts ||= [] @headers ||= {} @body ||= {} @mime_version = @@default_mime_version.dup if @@default_mime_version end def render_message(method_name, body) render :file => method_name, :body => body end def render(opts) body = opts.delete(:body) initialize_template_class(body).render(opts) end def template_path "#{template_root}/#{mailer_name}" end def initialize_template_class(assigns) ActionView::Base.new(template_path, assigns, self) end def sort_parts(parts, order = []) order = order.collect { |s| s.downcase } parts = parts.sort do |a, b| a_ct = a.content_type.downcase b_ct = b.content_type.downcase a_in = order.include? a_ct b_in = order.include? b_ct s = case when a_in && b_in order.index(a_ct) <=> order.index(b_ct) when a_in -1 when b_in 1 else a_ct <=> b_ct end # reverse the ordering because parts that come last are displayed # first in mail clients (s * -1) end parts end def create_mail m = TMail::Mail.new m.subject, = quote_any_if_necessary(charset, subject) m.to, m.from = quote_any_address_if_necessary(charset, recipients, from) m.bcc = quote_address_if_necessary(bcc, charset) unless bcc.nil? m.cc = quote_address_if_necessary(cc, charset) unless cc.nil? m.mime_version = mime_version unless mime_version.nil? m.date = sent_on.to_time rescue sent_on if sent_on headers.each { |k, v| m[k] = v } if @parts.empty? m.set_content_type content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset } m.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body) else if String === body part = TMail::Mail.new part.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body) part.set_content_type content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset } part.set_content_disposition "inline" m.parts << part end @parts.each do |p| part = (TMail::Mail === p ? p : p.to_mail(self)) m.parts << part end m.set_content_type(content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset }) if content_type =~ /multipart/ end @mail = m end def perform_delivery_smtp(mail) destinations = mail.destinations mail.ready_to_send Net::SMTP.start(server_settings[:address], server_settings[:port], server_settings[:domain], server_settings[:user_name], server_settings[:password], server_settings[:authentication]) do |smtp| smtp.sendmail(mail.encoded, mail.from, destinations) end end def perform_delivery_sendmail(mail) IO.popen("/usr/sbin/sendmail -i -t","w+") do |sm| sm.print(mail.encoded.gsub(//r/, '')) sm.flush end end def perform_delivery_test(mail) deliveries << mail end end end

参考：

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionMailer/Base.html

http://hideto.javaeye.com/blog/210980