爬虫中对网页分析的xpath，css，标签使用的区别

爬虫中对网页分析的xpath，css，标签使用的区别

 

 

#!C:\Python37
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from lxml import etree

url ="https://book.qidian.com/info/1016534035"
headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.97 Safari/537.36"
    }

def test_xpath():
    respose = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    html = etree.HTML(respose.text)
    infos = html.xpath('//div[@class="book-intro"]/p/text()')
    info=''
    for item in infos:
        info +=item

    info =str(info).replace('\r','').replace('\n','').replace(' ','')
    print(info)
    respose.close()

def test_bs4():
    ##使用css样式
    respose = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(respose.text,'lxml')
    #infos = soup.select('div.book-intro p')#方法一，标签直接使用，类属性使用".类属性值"，id值采用"#id值"
    infos = soup.select('div[class="book-intro"] p')#方法二：属性使用方括号跟在相应标签后
    for item in infos:
        print(item.text.replace(' ',''))
        pass
    #print(infos)


    ##使用标签选择

    #infos2 = soup.find_all('div',class_="book-intro")[0]#方法一，属性值单独写，class属性要使用"class_"进行区分
    infos2 = soup.find_all('div',attrs={"class":"book-intro"})[0]#方法一，属性做成字典，可以多属性做成一个attrs字典
    infos2 = infos2.find_all('p')[0].text.replace(' ','')

    print(infos2,type(infos2),len(infos2))



if __name__ == '__main__':
    #test_xpath()
    test_bs4()