除了上文提到的@Configuration和@Bean注册第三方组件的方式外还有如下方式
@Import注解
优缺点/场景
- 优点:使用方便
- 缺点:不能定制化属性值等;需要提供无参构造器
使用
- 在容器组件类上使用@Import注解
- 注册组件名全类名
示例
package com.ultra.config;
public class User {
}
package com.ultra.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import({User.class})
public class UserConfig {
}
package com.ultra;
import com.ultra.config.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootWebApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWebApplication.class, args);
String[] names = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(User.class);
System.out.println("user:" + names[0]);
}
}
- 测试结果
@ImportResource注解
优缺点/场景
- 优点:已存在spring bean配置文件,可以一次性注册
使用
- 在容器组件类上使用@ImportResource注解
示例
package com.ultra.config;
public class User {
}
package com.ultra.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@Configuration
@Import({User.class})
@ImportResource("classpath:spring-bean.xml")
public class UserConfig {
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userFromXml" class="com.ultra.config.User"/>
</beans>
package com.ultra;
import com.ultra.config.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootWebApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWebApplication.class, args);
String[] names = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(User.class);
System.out.println("user:" + Arrays.toString(names));
}
}
- 测试结果
@ComponentScan注解
优缺点/场景
- 优点:非默认扫描包使用了spring注解注册组件,可以一次性注册
- 默认扫描包:SpringBoot启动类同级及其子级是默认扫描包路径
使用
- 在容器组件类上使用@ComponentScan注解
示例
package com.other;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class OtherUser {
}
package com.ultra;
import com.other.OtherUser;
import com.ultra.config.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import java.util.Arrays;
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.ultra", "com.other"})
public class SpringbootWebApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWebApplication.class, args);
String[] names = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(User.class);
System.out.println("user:" + Arrays.toString(names));
String[] names1 = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(OtherUser.class);
System.out.println("user:" + names1[0]);
}
}
- 测试结果