Step By Step系列之Fragments(二)

Step By Step系列之Fragments(二)

转载请注明：转自http://blog.csdn.net/dhongmo/article/details/8575317

1.Fragments的应用

        在 《Step By Step系列之Fragments(一)》里面简述了Fragments的基本应用，下面会通过官方的例子了解一下Fragments是如何在不同设备上的灵活性。主要关注的知识点有：动态添加Fragments、不同Fragments之间的数据传递、Fragments和back stack的结合使用等

2.Step By Step

Step1 添加support library

通过SDK Manger下载support library

在项目里创建libs文件夹，把android-support-v4.jar放进libs，然后导入到项目里

Step2 创建XML文件

// 文章的布局文件

res/layout/article_view.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/article"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    android:textSize="18sp" />

//匹配小屏幕时的布局文件，只有一个Fragment

res/layout/news_articles.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

//匹配大屏幕时的布局文件，有两个Fragment

res/layout-large/article_view.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/headlines_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.android.fragments.HeadlinesFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/article_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.android.fragments.ArticleFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="2" />

</LinearLayout>

Step3 创建Activity和Fragment

package com.example.android.fragments;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.util.Log;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener {

	/** Called when the activity is first created. */
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);

		// 如果是小屏幕，我们就需要手动加载HeadlinesFragment。大屏幕的时候，已经在layout文件里绑定Fragment了，无需其他操作。
		if (findViewById(R.id.fragment_container) != null) {
			Log.v("info", "R.id.fragment_container");

			// 如果是恢复成旧状态就什么都不用做
			if (savedInstanceState != null) {
				return;
			}

			// 1.创建Fragment
			HeadlinesFragment firstFragment = new HeadlinesFragment();

			// 设置参数
			firstFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());

			// 2.获得FragmentManager，再获得beginTransaction，然后add,完成Fragment绑定到Activity
			getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, firstFragment).commit();
		}
	}

	// 文章标题被点击时回调此函数，用于创建文章内容Fragment
	public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
		// 找到ArticleFragment
		ArticleFragment articleFrag = (ArticleFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(
				R.id.article_fragment);
		// 若ArticleFragment已经存在，无需重新创建，直接更新文章内容即可
		if (articleFrag != null) {

			articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);

		} else {
			// 若ArticleFragment不存在，则创建之
			ArticleFragment newFragment = new ArticleFragment();
			Bundle args = new Bundle();
			args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
			newFragment.setArguments(args);
			FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
			// 通过replace方法，把文章标题Fragment更换为文章内容Fragment
			transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
			// 添加到back stack，按返回键回滚到文章标题Fragment
			transaction.addToBackStack(null);
			// 记得提交事务，才有效果
			transaction.commit();
		}
	}
}

package com.example.android.fragments;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {
	OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

	// 定义一个接口，当标题栏被点击时触发
	public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
		/** Called by HeadlinesFragment when a list item is selected */
		public void onArticleSelected(int position);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

		int layout = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB ? android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1
				: android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1;

		// 设置Adapter
		setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(), layout, Ipsum.Headlines));
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart() {
		super.onStart();

		// 如果是大屏幕，文章标题设为高亮
		if (getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment) != null) {
			getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
		super.onAttach(activity);

		// 确保继承OnHeadlineSelectedListener接口，否则抛出异常
		try {
			mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
		} catch (ClassCastException e) {
			throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
		// 调用回调函数，传递被点击的位置
		mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);

		// 被点击位置设为高亮
		getListView().setItemChecked(position, true);
	}
}

package com.example.android.fragments;

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ArticleFragment extends Fragment {
	final static String ARG_POSITION = "position";
	int mCurrentPosition = -1;

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		// 通过savedInstanceState来记录当前的文章内容
		if (savedInstanceState != null) {
			mCurrentPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt(ARG_POSITION);
		}

		return inflater.inflate(R.layout.article_view, container, false);
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart() {
		super.onStart();
		// 更新文章内容
		Bundle args = getArguments();
		if (args != null) {
			updateArticleView(args.getInt(ARG_POSITION));
		} else if (mCurrentPosition != -1) {
			updateArticleView(mCurrentPosition);
		}
	}

	public void updateArticleView(int position) {
		TextView article = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.article);
		article.setText(Ipsum.Articles[position]);
		mCurrentPosition = position;
	}

	@Override
	public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
		super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);

		// 保存当前文章的状态
		outState.putInt(ARG_POSITION, mCurrentPosition);
	}
}

3.源代码

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