SpringBoot(四)自动配置原理

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-25 23:17:31 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-25 23:17:31 发布

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分类专栏： SpringBoot 文章标签： spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dhrtyuhrthfgdhtgfh/article/details/103557289

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SpringBoot自动配置原理

自动配置原理

SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration

@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用：

利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件
查看EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector父类的selectImports()方法内容

List configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
       //loadFactoryNames()方法：扫描所有jar包类路径下  META-INF/spring.factories
       List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
       Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
       return configurations;
   }

/*
*  1. 扫描所有jar包类路径下META-INF/spring.factories文件
   2. 把扫描到的这些文件内容封装成properties对象
   3. 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中
*/
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
   String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();

   try {
       //1. 扫描所有jar包类路径下META-INF/spring.factories文
       Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
       ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

       while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
           URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
           //2. 把扫描到的这些文件内容封装成properties对象
           Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
           //3.properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中
           String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
           result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
       }

       return result;
   } catch (IOException var8) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() + "] factories from location [" + "META-INF/spring.factories" + "]", var8);
   }
}

将类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中；

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中；用他们来做自动配置；

每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能

以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例解释自动配置原理；

分析HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration类

@Configuration   //表示这是一个配置类，以前编写的配置文件一样，也可以给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)  //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来；并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中

@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解（Spring注解版），根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效；    判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效

@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)  //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器；

@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)  //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置  spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的
//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
  
  	//他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
  	private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
  
   //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
  	public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
		this.properties = properties;
	}
  
    @Bean   //给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件？
	public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
		CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
		filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
		filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
		filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
		return filter;
	}

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效？

一但这个配置类生效；这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件；这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的；

所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装着‘；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")  //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {

   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

精髓

SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类
我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；（idea使用Ctrl+N快捷搜索*AutoConfigurartion查看）
我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）
给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；

xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自动配置类；

给容器中添加组件

xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性；

Conditional注解（Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用）

作用：必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立，才给容器中添加组件，配置配里面的所有内容才生效；

@ConditionalOnJava	系统的java版本是否符合要求
@ConditionalOnBean	容器中存在指定Bean；
@ConditionalOnMissingBean	容器中不存在指定Bean；
@ConditionalOnExpression	满足SpEL表达式指定
@Conditional扩展注解	作用（判断是否满足当前指定条件）
@ConditionalOnClass	系统中有指定的类
@ConditionalOnMissingClass	系统中没有指定的类
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate	容器中只有一个指定的Bean，或者这个Bean是首选Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty	系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnResource	类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
@ConditionalOnWebApplication	当前是web环境
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication	当前不是web环境
@ConditionalOnJndi	JNDI存在指定项

自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效；

我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效了

我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性；来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效；

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================


Positive matches:（自动配置类启用的）
-----------------

   DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
        
    
Negative matches:（没有启动，没有匹配成功的自动配置类）
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)

未来可期☺

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SpringBoot(四)自动配置原理

SpringBoot自动配置原理自动配置原理SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用：利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件查看EnableAutoConfigurationImportSele...
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