thymeleaf模板引擎
- 常见的模板引擎:JSP、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
- 模板引擎原理:
模板文件中的动态内容用表达式表示,然后将数据和模板文件一同交给模板引擎渲染,就能得到我们想要的页面
SpringBoot不支持JSP,推荐使用Thymeleaf
Thymeleaf语法更简单,功能更强大
1. 引入Thymeleaf
添加pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
thymeleaf的使用
- 查看源代码
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html"); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/中,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;,且访问时不需要带上html后缀。
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thymeleaf使用
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导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
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编写Controller
@Controller class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(Model model){ model.addAttribute("hello", "你好"); return "hello"; } }
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在resources目录下创建templates文件夹,然后创建hello.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>thymeleaf</title> </head> <body> <div th:text="${hello}"></div> </body> </html>
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访问http://localhost:8080/hello,就能够跳转到hello.html页面,并且页面内容为你好
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开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
- 需要禁用模板引擎的缓存
# 禁用缓存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
- 修改完成之后Ctrl+F9重新编译即可
- 需要禁用模板引擎的缓存
thymeleaf表达式
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _