SpingBoot(六)thymeleaf模板引擎

thymeleaf模板引擎

  1. 常见的模板引擎:JSP、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
  2. 模板引擎原理:
    模板文件中的动态内容用表达式表示,然后将数据和模板文件一同交给模板引擎渲染,就能得到我们想要的页面
    在这里插入图片描述

SpringBoot不支持JSP,推荐使用Thymeleaf

Thymeleaf语法更简单,功能更强大

1. 引入Thymeleaf

添加pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

<properties>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
    <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>

thymeleaf的使用

  1. 查看源代码
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
    
    	private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    
    	private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/中,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;,且访问时不需要带上html后缀。

  1. thymeleaf使用

    • 导入thymeleaf的名称空间

      <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
      
    • 编写Controller

      @Controller
      class HelloController {
          @RequestMapping("/hello")
          public String hello(Model model){
              model.addAttribute("hello", "你好");
              return "hello";
          }
      }
      
    • 在resources目录下创建templates文件夹,然后创建hello.html文件

      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
      <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <title>thymeleaf</title>
      </head>
      <body>
          <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
      </body>
      </html>
      
    • 访问http://localhost:8080/hello,就能够跳转到hello.html页面,并且页面内容为你好

  2. 开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

    • 需要禁用模板引擎的缓存
      # 禁用缓存
      spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 
      
    • 修改完成之后Ctrl+F9重新编译即可

thymeleaf表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
    		1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
    		2)、使用内置的基本对象:
    			#ctx : the context object.
    			#vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
    	补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
    		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
    		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
    		
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

完整用法参考官方文档

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