访问者（Visitor）模式

Eg. Code 1:

 

//  Visitor pattern -- Structural example  
using  System;
using  System.Collections;

//  "Visitor"
abstract   class  Visitor
... {
    // Methods
    abstract public void VisitConcreteElementA(
      ConcreteElementA concreteElementA);
    abstract public void VisitConcreteElementB(
      ConcreteElementB concreteElementB);
}

//  "ConcreteVisitor1"
class  ConcreteVisitor1 : Visitor
... {
    // Methods
    override public void VisitConcreteElementA(
      ConcreteElementA concreteElementA)
    ...{
        Console.WriteLine("{0} visited by {1}",
          concreteElementA, this);
    }

    override public void VisitConcreteElementB(
      ConcreteElementB concreteElementB)
    ...{
        Console.WriteLine("{0} visited by {1}",
          concreteElementB, this);
    }
}

//  "ConcreteVisitor2"
class  ConcreteVisitor2 : Visitor
... {
    // Methods
    override public void VisitConcreteElementA(
      ConcreteElementA concreteElementA)
    ...{
        Console.WriteLine("{0} visited by {1}",
          concreteElementA, this);
    }
    override public void VisitConcreteElementB(
      ConcreteElementB concreteElementB)
    ...{
        Console.WriteLine("{0} visited by {1}",
          concreteElementB, this);
    }
}

//  "Element"
abstract   class  Element
... {
    // Methods
    abstract public void Accept(Visitor visitor);
}

//  "ConcreteElementA"
class  ConcreteElementA : Element
... {
    // Methods
    override public void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    ...{
        visitor.VisitConcreteElementA(this);
    }

    public void OperationA()
    ...{
    }
}

//  "ConcreteElementB"
class  ConcreteElementB : Element
... {
    // Methods
    override public void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    ...{
        visitor.VisitConcreteElementB(this);
    }

    public void OperationB()
    ...{
    }
}

//  "ObjectStructure"
class  ObjectStructure
... {
    // Fields
    private ArrayList elements = new ArrayList();

    // Methods
    public void Attach(Element element)
    ...{
        elements.Add(element);
    }

    public void Detach(Element element)
    ...{
        elements.Remove(element);
    }

    public void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    ...{
        foreach (Element e in elements)
            e.Accept(visitor);
    }
}

/**/ /**/
/**/ /// <summary>
/// Client test
/// </summary>
public   class  Client
... {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    ...{
        // Setup structure
        ObjectStructure o = new ObjectStructure();
        o.Attach(new ConcreteElementA());
        o.Attach(new ConcreteElementB());

        // Create visitor objects
        ConcreteVisitor1 v1 = new ConcreteVisitor1();
        ConcreteVisitor2 v2 = new ConcreteVisitor2();

        // Structure accepting visitors
        o.Accept(v1);
        o.Accept(v2);
    }
}

 

Eg. Code 2:

using  System;
using  System.Collections;

//  "Visitor"
abstract   class  Visitor
... {
    // Methods
    abstract public void Visit(Element element);
}

//  "ConcreteVisitor1"
class  IncomeVisitor : Visitor
... {
    // Methods
    public override void Visit(Element element)
    ...{
        Employee employee = ((Employee)element);

        // Provide 10% pay raise
        employee.Income *= 1.10;
        Console.WriteLine("{0}'s new income: {1:C}",
          employee.Name, employee.Income);
    }
}

//  "ConcreteVisitor2"
class  VacationVisitor : Visitor
... {
    public override void Visit(Element element)
    ...{
        Employee employee = ((Employee)element);

        // Provide 3 extra vacation days
        employee.VacationDays += 3;
        Console.WriteLine("{0}'s new vacation days: {1}",
          employee.Name, employee.VacationDays);
    }
}

//  "Element"
abstract   class  Element
... {
    // Methods
    abstract public void Accept(Visitor visitor);
}

//  "ConcreteElement"
class  Employee : Element
... {
    // Fields
    string name;
    double income;
    int vacationDays;

    // Constructors
    public Employee(string name, double income,
      int vacationDays)
    ...{
        this.name = name;
        this.income = income;
        this.vacationDays = vacationDays;
    }

    // Properties
    public string Name
    ...{
        get ...{ return name; }
        set ...{ name = value; }
    }

    public double Income
    ...{
        get ...{ return income; }
        set ...{ income = value; }
    }

    public int VacationDays
    ...{
        get ...{ return vacationDays; }
        set ...{ vacationDays = value; }
    }

    // Methods
    public override void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    ...{
        visitor.Visit(this);
    }
}

//  "ObjectStructure"
class  Employees
... {
    // Fields
    private ArrayList employees = new ArrayList();

    // Methods
    public void Attach(Employee employee)
    ...{
        employees.Add(employee);
    }

    public void Detach(Employee employee)
    ...{
        employees.Remove(employee);
    }

    public void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    ...{
        foreach (Employee e in employees)
            e.Accept(visitor);
    }
}

/**/ /**/
/**/ /// <summary>
/// VisitorApp test
/// </summary>
public   class  VisitorApp
... {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    ...{
        // Setup employee collection
        Employees e = new Employees();
        e.Attach(new Employee("Hank", 25000.0, 14));
        e.Attach(new Employee("Elly", 35000.0, 16));
        e.Attach(new Employee("Dick", 45000.0, 21));

        // Create two visitors
        IncomeVisitor v1 = new IncomeVisitor();
        VacationVisitor v2 = new VacationVisitor();

        // Employees are visited
        e.Accept(v1);
        e.Accept(v2);
    }
}