泛型接口和泛型委托中经常使用可变性
in 逆变,out 协变
从 list<string>转到list<object> 称为协变 (string 从object 派生,那么 string 转成object 是合理的,子类替换父类是合理的,)
从list<object> 转到 list<string> 称为逆变 (经object 转成string ,将父类转成子类,是不合理的,称为逆变)
1.逆变代码掩饰
static void Main(string[] args) { ICovariant<Object> iobj = new Sample<Object>(); ICovariant<String> istr = new Sample<String>(); // You can assign istr to iobj because // the ICovariant interface is covariant. // iobj = istr; istr = iobj; //从 object 类型转成string 类型,父类转成子类 则是逆变 Console.ReadLine(); } // Covariant interface. interface ICovariant<in R> { } // Extending covariant interface. interface IExtCovariant<in R> : ICovariant<R> { } // Implementing covariant interface. class Sample<R> : ICovariant<R> { }
2.协变演示
static void Main(string[] args) { ICovariant<Object> iobj = new Sample<Object>(); ICovariant<String> istr = new Sample<String>(); // You can assign istr to iobj because // the ICovariant interface is covariant. // iobj = istr; iobj = istr; //从 string类型转成object类型,子类型转成父类 (里氏替换原则) 则是协变 Console.ReadLine(); } // Covariant interface. interface ICovariant<out R> { } // Extending covariant interface. interface IExtCovariant<out R> : ICovariant<R> { } // Implementing covariant interface. class Sample<R> : ICovariant<R> { }