分为search dialog和search widget
区别：
A,search dialog是一个被系统控制的UI组件。但他被用户激活的时候，它总是出现在activity的上。
B,Android系统负责处理search dialog上所有的事件，当用户提交了查询，系统会把这个查询请求传输到我们的searchable activity，让searchable activity在处理真正的查询。当用户在输入的时候，search dialog还能提供搜索建议。
C,search widget是SearchView的一个实例，你可以把它放在你的布局的任何地方。
D,默认的，search widget和一个标准的EditText widget一样，不能做任何事情。
但是你可以配置它，让android系统处理所有的按键事件，把查询请求传输给合适的activity,可以配置它让它像search dialog一样提供search suggestions。
E,search widget在 Android 3.0或更高版本才可用. search dialog没有此项限制
##search dialog基础##
原理：
当用户在search dialog或search widget中执行一个搜索的时候，系统会创建一个Intent，并把查询关键字保存在里面，然后启动我们在AndroidManifest.xml中声明好的searchable activity，并把Intent传送给它。
步骤：
1、res/menu 目录下 创建menu资源文件 menu_main.xml
<item
android:id="@+id/menu_search"
android:title="查询"
app:actionViewClass="android.support.v7.widget.SearchView"
app:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
/>
2、重写onCreateOptionsMenu方法
[@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528)
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater menuInflater = getMenuInflater();
menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
SearchView searchView = (SearchView) menu.findItem(R.id.menu_search).getActionView();
searchView.setIconifiedByDefault(false); // 是否默认显示图标
searchView.setSubmitButtonEnabled(false); // 是否显示提交按钮
}
3、创建处理搜索的searchable activity
<activity android:name=".SearchResultsActivity" android:launchMode="singleTop">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH"/>
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.searchable"
android:resource="@xml/searchable"/>
</activity>
4、创建res/xml/searchable.xml资源文件
<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:hint="@string/search_hint"
android:icon="@mipmap/icon"
>
</searchable>
5、onCreateOptionsMenu中增加处理代码
SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
// 设置处理搜索的activity
//ComponentName componentName = getComponentName(); // 当前Activity
ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(this, SearchResultsActivity.class); // 指定Activity
SearchableInfo searchableInfo = searchManager.getSearchableInfo(componentName);
searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchableInfo);
6、在SearchResultsActivity中处理搜索
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_search_results);
handleIntent(getIntent());
}
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
setIntent(intent);
handleIntent(getIntent());
}
private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {
if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
Log.d(TAG, query + "==");
}
}
##search dialog 最近搜索提示##
1、创建搜索提示的SuggestionProvider内容提供者
public class MySuggestionProvider extends SearchRecentSuggestionsProvider {
private static final String TAG = "MySuggestionProvider";
public final static String AUTHORITY = "com.df.searchview.MySuggestionProvider";
public final static int MODE = SearchRecentSuggestionsProvider.DATABASE_MODE_QUERIES;
public MySuggestionProvider(){
Log.d(TAG, "=MySuggestionProvider=");
setupSuggestions(AUTHORITY, MODE);
}
}
2、配置manifest
<provider
android:name=".MySuggestionProvider"
android:authorities="com.df.searchview.MySuggestionProvider"
/>
3、SearchResultsActivity中添加最近搜索数据
private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {
if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
Log.d(TAG, "=Intent.ACTION_SEARCH=");
String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
Log.d(TAG, query + "==");
SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions = new SearchRecentSuggestions(this,
MySuggestionProvider.AUTHORITY, MySuggestionProvider.MODE);
suggestions.saveRecentQuery(query, null); // 保存最近的数据
}
}
4、配置searchable
<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:hint="@string/search_hint"
android:icon="@mipmap/icon"
android:searchSuggestAuthority="com.df.searchview.MySuggestionProvider"
android:searchSuggestSelection=" ?"
>
</searchable>
5、清除查询数据
SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions = new SearchRecentSuggestions(this,
MySuggestionProvider.AUTHORITY, MySuggestionProvider.MODE);
suggestions.clearHistory();
##search dialog 自定义Suggestions##
1、创建自定义内容提供者
public class MyCustomSuggestionProvider extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = "CustomSugProvider";
public final static String AUTHORITY = "com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider";
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/suggest");
private SuggestDao suggestDao; // 数据库访问类
private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher = buildUriMatcher();
private static UriMatcher buildUriMatcher() {
UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
// 查询
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "suggest", 0);
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "suggest/#", 1);
// 搜索提示
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "dfoptional/" + SearchManager.SUGGEST_URI_PATH_QUERY, 0);
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "dfoptional/" + SearchManager.SUGGEST_URI_PATH_QUERY + "/*", 0);
// 点击提示
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "item/#", 3);
return matcher;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
suggestDao = new SuggestDao(getContext());
return true;
}
/*
* 当系统向你的Content Provider请求suggestion的时候，它将调用你的Content Provider的query()方法
* */
@Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
Log.d(TAG, "uri = "+ uri);
Log.d(TAG, "projection =" + projection +",selection =" + selection);
//如果在searchable配置文件设置了android:searchSuggestSelection属性的话,
// query text就以做为selectionArgs字符串数组的第一个元素的形式传过来.
if(selectionArgs != null){
Log.d(TAG, "selectionArgs[0]=" + selectionArgs[0] + ", sortOrder =" + sortOrder);
}
/*
* 搜索提示：
* uri = content://com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider/dfoptional/search_suggest_query?limit=50
* (结构：content:// searchSuggestAuthority / searchSuggestPath / search_suggest_query )
* projection =null,selection = ?
* selectionArgs=呃, sortOrder =null
*
* 查询：
* uri = content://com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider/suggest
*
* 提示item点击
* uri = content://com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider/item/2
*/
String query = uri.getLastPathSegment().toLowerCase();
Log.d(TAG, "query=" + query);
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case 0:
// 查询建议列表
return getSuggestions(selectionArgs[0]);
case 1:
// 获取所选单词
return getWord(uri);
case 3:
// 获取所选单词
return getWord(uri);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown Uri: " + uri);
}
}
2、编辑配置文件
1) AndroidManifest.xml
<!--自定义搜索提示-->
<provider
android:name=".MyCustomSuggestionProvider"
android:authorities="com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider"
/>
2) searchable.xml
<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:hint="@string/search_hint"
android:icon="@mipmap/icon"
android:searchSuggestAuthority="com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider"
android:searchSuggestPath="dfoptional"
android:searchSuggestIntentAction="android.intent.action.VIEW"
android:searchSuggestSelection="word MATCH ?"
android:searchSuggestIntentData="content://com.df.searchview.MyCustomSuggestionProvider/item"
>
</searchable>
2、在SearchResultsActivity中处理
private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {
String intentAction = intent.getAction();
Log.d(TAG, "=IntentAction = " + intentAction);
if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intentAction)) {
String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
Log.d(TAG, "=query=" + query);
// 自定义搜索记录
showResults(query);
// 系统保存搜索记录
//SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions = new SearchRecentSuggestions(this,
// MySuggestionProvider.AUTHORITY, MySuggestionProvider.MODE);
//suggestions.saveRecentQuery(query, null); // 保存最近的数据
} else if(Intent.ACTION_VIEW.equals(intentAction)){
// 点击搜索提示的条目
Uri data = intent.getData();
Intent wordIntent = new Intent(this, WordActivity.class);
wordIntent.setData(data);
startActivity(wordIntent);
}
}
private void showResults(String query) {
Log.d(TAG, "=======showResults========");
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(MyCustomSuggestionProvider.CONTENT_URI, null, null,
new String[] {query}, null);
//Cursor cursor = managedQuery(MyCustomSuggestionProvider.CONTENT_URI, null, null,
// new String[] {query}, null);
if (cursor == null) {
// 没结果
mTextView.setText(getString(R.string.no_results, new Object[] {query}));
} else {
// 显示结果
int count = cursor.getCount();
String countString = getResources().getQuantityString(R.plurals.search_results,
count, count, query);
mTextView.setText(countString);
// 指定想显示的列
String[] from = new String[] { SuggestDao.COLUMN_TEXT1, SuggestDao.COLUMN_TEXT2 };
// 对应控件
int[] to = new int[] { R.id.word, R.id.definition };
// 填充数据
SimpleCursorAdapter wordAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.result, cursor, from, to);
mListView.setAdapter(wordAdapter);
// 单击
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Log.d(TAG, "id = " + id);
Intent wordIntent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), WordActivity.class);
Uri data = Uri.withAppendedPath(MyCustomSuggestionProvider.CONTENT_URI,
String.valueOf(id));
wordIntent.setData(data);
startActivity(wordIntent);
}
});
}
}
参考：
官方文档
https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/search-dialog.html
http://blog.csdn.net/hudashi/article/details/7052815（中文）
搜索配置文件
http://blog.csdn.net/suichukexun/article/details/7590732
android （MD）v7.widget.SearchView的使用解析。
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/22388833
Android API指南(二)Search篇（待看)
http://wangkuiwu.github.io/2014/06/17/Search/
Demo参考：
googleDemo：android-sdk\samples\android-23\legacy\SearchableDictionary
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