Liunux下安装oracle客户端

1. 下载并安装oracle客户端安装包 

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-sqlplus-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

2. 声明环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/bin

3. /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/bin/network/admin下准备一下文件

listener.ora  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

sqlnet.ora 
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)  
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES) 

listener.ora 
    SID_LIST_LISTENER =  
      (SID_LIST =  
        (SID_DESC =  
          (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)  
          (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle)  
          (PROGRAM = extproc)  
        )  
      )  
      
    LISTENER =  
      (DESCRIPTION_LIST =  
        (DESCRIPTION =  
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))  
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))  
        )  
      )  

tnsnames.ora 
orcl_db =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS_LIST =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.211.85)(PORT = 1521))  
    )  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)  
    )  
  )  
  
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS_LIST =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))  
    )  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SID = PLSExtProc)  
      (PRESENTATION = RO)  
    )  
  )  

4. 连接数据库

sqlplus "ora_dba/dba@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(Host=192.168.211.85)(Port=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=orcl)))"

如出现 ORA-21561: OID generation failed，修改/etc/hosts，增加目标数据库。